Mycology Flashcards
Mycology
morphology, etc
gram +, not acid-fast fungal eukaryotes, aerobic yeasts: unicellular, ovoid moulds: filamentous hyphae (w/ or w/o partitions) dimorphic: mould in environ., yeast in host
Mycology dimorphic organisms (5)
Blastomyce dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Histoplasma capsulatum Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Sporothrix schenckii
Mycology
Malaessezia furfur
(clinical pres)
skin infxn’s w/ many sebaceous glands
Mycology
Dx
Sabouraud’s agar 4 weeks
w/ chloramphenicol to inhibit bacteria
Mycology
Superficial mycoses
(clin pres, dx, tx)
black/white piedra tinea nigra tinea versicolor malassezia furfur dx: KOH wet mount tx: shave or topical tx
Mycology
Cutaneous mycoses
(cause, dx)
keratinized tissue infx’n
microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton
dx: KOH wet mount
culture
Myology
Cutaneous infx’n types (6)
tinea captis - head tinea corporis - body tinea pedis - feet tinea barbae - beards tinea cruris - perineum tinea unguium - nails
Mycology
Subcutaneous infx’ns (4)
secondary to trauma: lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis chromoblastomycosis phaeohyphomycosis eumycetoma mycetoma
Mycology
lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
sporothrix schenkii (dimorphic) subcutaneous secondary to trauma sx: ulcerated nodule dx: culture tx: KI, itraconazole, anmphotericin B
Mycology
Chromoblastomycosis
(cause, sx, tx, dx)
fonsecaea OR cladosporium
sx: warty lesions
dx: histopathology
tx: surgery, itraconazole, terbinafine
Mycology
eumycotic mycetoma
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
pseudallescheria boydii OR madurella
sx: prurulent drainage
dx: histopathology, culture
tx: surgical
Mycology
Deep tissue infx’ns (6)
Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Histoplasma capsulatum Aspergillus Candida Cryptococcus neoformans
Mycology
Blastomyces dermatitidis
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
inhaled spores; dogs get it, too! deep tissue infx'ns sx: lung infection, pneumonia, dissemination sx: can also be cutaneous tx: itraconzaole for lung, ampho b for disseminated
Mycology
Cocciodes immitis
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
dimorphic, deep tissue infxn's inhaled spores sx: lung infection, dissemination (brain!), T cell defects risks: AIDS, melanin, PG dx: ciulture, biopsy tx: fluconazole
Mycology
Histoplasma capsulatum
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
dimorphic, deep tissue infxn's soil, guano, bird poop inhaled spores sx: pneumonia w/ cavitation, dissemination risks: AIDS, steroids dx: dulture, biopsy, stain tx: itraconazole
Mycology
paracoccidioides brasiliensis
(cause, sx, tx)
dimorphic
Latin America
inhaled spores, dissemination (GI tract, skin)
tx: itraconazole
Mycology
opportunistic infxn’s (5)
neutrophil defects: aspergillus candida zygomyces T cell defects: cryptococcus neoformans pneumocystis jirovecii
Mycology
Candidiasis
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
usually endogenous infx'n risk: neutropenia mouth, esophagus, vagina, skin, nails can be invasive, hematogenous dx: culture, biopsy tx: fluconazole
Mycology
Asperigillus
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
decaying vegetation
opportunistic (decreased neutrophils)
inhaled spores, lung dz
sx: asthma, aspergilloma ("fungus ball"), invasive
dx: culture, biopsy
tx: ampho B, itraco, vorico, caspoMycology
Zygomycosis
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
risk: neutropenia, DM, trauma, deferoxamine tx
sx: pneumonia, rhinocerebral infx’n, skin infx’n
dx: culture, biopsy
tx: ampho B, surgery
Mycology
Cryptococcus neoformans
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
“cryptococcosis”
risks: T Cell-penia, AIDS, steroids, lymphoma
sx: pneumonia (cavity), meningitis, dissemination
dx: culture sputum, blood, csf
tx: fluconazole, amph B
Mycology
Pneumocystis jirovecii
(cause, sx, dx, tx)
no ergosterol in membrane! inhaled, dormancy sx: pneumonia risks: AIDS, bone marrow transplant dx: BAL tx: trimethoprim
