Spirochetes Flashcards
Treponema
spp (4)
4 indistinguishable: pallidum pallidum (syphilis) pallidum pertenue (yaws) pallidum endemicum (bejel) carateum (pinta)
Treponema
epidemiology
non-venereal:
person-person in unhygiene
venereal:
bumpin’ uglies
Treponema
pertenue/yaws
humid Africa, Asia skin-skin, then dissemination sx: 1) lesions on extremities 2) general lesions 3) latent 4) hyperkeratosis of palms/soles, nodules
Treponema
carateum/pinta
arid Latin America skin-skin, then dissemination sx: 1) pruritic papules on face/neck/UE/LE 2) scaly papules 3) latent 4) depigmented lesions
Treponema
endemicum/bejel
“sytemic syphillis”
Africa, W. Asia
skin-skin, utensils
1) oral mucosal lesion
2) mucous patches, periostitis, adenopathy
3) latent
4) gummatous (fibrotic) lesions on extremities
Treponema
non-VD Dx
dark-field microscopy on lesion samples
serology
Treponema
non-VD Tx
Penicillin!
Borrelia
general/morphology
flagella, highly motile
no microtubules in cytoplasm
arthropod-borne
Borrelia
relapsing fever
(pathophys)
1) bacteremic: febrile
2) retreat to organs: afebrile
3) return ANTIGENICALLY DIFF: febrile
Borrelia
relapsing fever
(causative agents)
1) louse-borne: recurrentis spread when lice are crushed East Africa, South America usually only one relapse 2) tick-borne: 15 spp rats are reservoir Worldwide
Borrelia
relapsing fever
(clinical)
sx: fever chills, headache,
myalgia, arthralgia, truncal rash,
conjunctival suffusions, petchiae, hepatomegaly
death: myocarditis, CNS hemorrhage, liver failure
Borrelia
relapsing fever
(diagnosis)
1) peripheral blood of febrile pt
OR
2) dark-field microscopy
Borrelia
relapsing fever
(treatment)
tetracycline or erythromycin
1 dose louse, longer tick
Borrelia
Lyme dz
(causative agent)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia
Lyme dz
(vectors)
ticks that feed on rodents, deer transimitted in summer 1) scapularis in the NE 2) pacificus in the West 3) ricinus in Europe
Borrelia
Lyme dz
(pathogenesis)
spreads via blood, lymph
IgM response at 3-6 wks
IgG response at over months
Borrelia
Lyme dz
(clinical)
1) eryth. chron. migrans at site (3-30 days)
2) dissem: MSK sx at 2 wks, 2* lesions
3) 5% pts get cardiac sx w/in wks of infx’n
4) CNS fx mos to yrs after infx’n
Borrelia
lyme dz
(diagnosis)
1)clinically+serologically
results stronger over time
2) ELISA C6 Ab test
Borrelia
Lyme dz
(treatment)
1) doxycycline or amoxicillin
2) if neuro or cardiac sx: ceftriaxone
Leptospira
leptospirosis
(causative)
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospira
leptospirosis
(transmit/epi)
zoonotic
worldwide
persist in renal tubules symbiotically
Leptospira
leptospirosis
(severe form)
5-10%, "Weill's Dz" *jaundice renal failure meningitis uveitis (aqueous humor)
Leptospira
leptospirosis
(mild)
fever, headache, severe myalgias x7 days
might have some later severe sx
Leptospira
leptospirosis
(diagnosis)
fluid and tissue samples, ELISA
