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MID EXAM 2 > Protozoa (Skin/Intestinal) > Flashcards

Protozoa (Skin/Intestinal) Flashcards

1
Q

apicomplexa

A

intracellular

protozoa

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2
Q

zoomastigophorea

A

flagellated protozoa

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3
Q

sarcodina

A

amoebas

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4
Q

ciliophora

A

ciliated protozoa

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5
Q

intestinal

protozoan infections

A 
giardiasis
cryptosporidiosis
dientameoba infection
blastocystis 
infection
amoebiadis
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6
Q

Beaver Fever

A

giardia duodenalis

pear shaped, flagellated, no mitochondria

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7
Q

asymptomatic giardiasis

A

60% greater in children

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8
Q

acute giardiasis

A 
1-4 wk incubation
loose, foul stool
steatorrhea (no blood)
fever 
(early)
weight loss, anorexia, malaise, cramps, bloating, nausea
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9
Q

chronic giardiasis

A

steatorrhea

growth retardation

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10
Q

malabsorption

chronic giardiasis

A

steatorrhea
growth retardation
vv serum carotene
abnormal xylose test

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11
Q

giardia duodenalis dx

A

fecal exam
enterotest (swallow string)
duodenal aspiration
biopsy

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12
Q

giardia duodenalis tx

A

metronidazole
tinidazole

10 - 20% relapse

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13
Q

coccidian protozoa

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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14
Q

cryptosporidium

parvum

A

GI and resp of vertebrates
intracellular
children often asymptomatic

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15
Q

cryptosporidiosis in

Milwaukee

A

1993
drinking water
> 100 deaths
400,000 sick

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16
Q

cryptosporidium

parvum transmission

A

person to person (day care)
zoonotic (farmers)
water (swim/drink)

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17
Q

cryptosporidium sxs

A 
watery diarrhea
dehydration, weight loss
abdominal pain
fever
N&V
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18
Q

HIV + cryptosporidiosis

A

1 - 2 wk recovery time

chronic diarrhea

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19
Q

cryptosporidium dx

A

modified acid fast stain
direct immunofourescence
EIA kit
immunoassay

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20
Q

cryptosporidium tx

A

nitazoxanide

tx immune deficiency

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21
Q

“Big Cryptosporidium”

A

cyclospora cayetanensis

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22
Q

cyclosporiasis sxs

A 
watery diarrhea
fatigue
GAS
chronic diarrhea w AIDS
remission & relapse
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23
Q

cyclosporiasis dx

A

modified acid fast of feces

PCR of feces

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24
Q

isospora belli

A

chronic diarrhea w AIDS

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25
Q

microsporidia

A 
spore forming
enterocytozoon bieunsi
chronic diarrhea w AIDS
biliary tract disease
disseminated infection (eye, lung, kidney)
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26
Q

controversial

pathogenicity

A

blastocystis hominis
(lg glycogen vesicle, parasite
present in 5% of ppl)

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27
Q

dientameoba fragilis

A

associated w enterobius infection
linked to chronic abd pain (gastroenteritis)
watery diarrhea

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28
Q

amoebiasis

A

entamoeba histolytica infection
peak 5 - 9 yo
major morbidity in central/south america,
sub india

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29
Q

Can’t differentiate

microscopically

A

entamoeba dispar &

entamoeba histolytica

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30
Q

amoebiasis syndromes

A

asymptomatic colonization
dysentery
colitis
liver abscess

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31
Q

amoebic colitis

signs/sxs

A 
sxs > 4 wks
male:female 9:1
abd tenderness
hepatomegaly
jaundice
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32
Q

anchovy paste

A

aspirate of amoebic liver abcess

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33
Q

amoebiasis dx

A

stool microscopy
stool antigen detection
(diferentiates dispar from histolytica)
stool PCR

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34
Q

invasive amoebiasis tx

colitis, liver abscess

A

metronidazole (trophozites)
luminal agent (cysts)
drainages not usually required

35
Q

amoebiasis tx

assymptomatic colonization

A

luminal agent alone

  • paramomycin
  • iodoquinol
36
Q

apicomplexa

A

intracellualar protozoa

37
Q

zoomastigophorea

A

flagellated protozoa

38
Q

sarcodina

A

amoebas

39
Q

ciliophora

A

ciliated protozoa

40
Q

HAT

A

human african trypanosomiasis

“sleepping sickness”

41
Q

morphologically identical

ssp of trypanosomes

A

gambian HAT

rhodesian HAT

42
Q

HAT vector

A

tsetse fly

43
Q

stage of HAT

A

early (assymptomatic):
tryps in blood and lymph

late: CNS involvement, typs in CSF

44
Q

west african HAT

A

T. gambiense

45
Q

trypanosoma brucei brucei

A

cattle

46
Q

east african HAT

A

T. rhodesiense

47
Q

congo

A

gambiense or rhodesinse

48
Q

gambian HAT signs/sxs

A 
winterbottom's sign
months-yrs w/o sxs
intermittent fever
weight loss
diurnal somnolence
nocturnal insomnia
constant headache
behavior changes
death
49
Q

rhodesian HAT progression

A

develops over weeks

shorter than gambian HAT

50
Q

winterbottom’s sign

A

posterior cervial adenopathy

51
Q

HAT dx

A

erythrocyte sedementation rate
hypergammaglobulinemia
^IgM
giemsa stain (from nodes, blood, CSF)

52
Q

CATT card

A

agglutination test for T. gambiense only

53
Q

HAT tx

A

suramin (rhodesian)
pentamadine (gambian)
melarsoprol eflornithine (late stage gambian)

54
Q

gambian HAT prevention

A

case detection and mgmt

no zoonotic reservoir

55
Q

rhodesian HAT prevention

A 
vector control
veterinary control (cattle reservoir)
56
Q

highest chagas burden

A

bolivia
argentina
paraguay

57
Q

kissing bug

A

chagas vector

58
Q

acute chagas

A 
chagoma (lesion at parasite entry)
romana's sign (conjunctiva is port of entry)
malaise, fever, facial edema
lymphocytosis
parasitemia
myocarditis (ECG changes)
59
Q

chronic chagas

may present decades later

A 
dilated cardiomyopathy
LV aneurism
conduction defect
megacolon
megaesophagus
60
Q

phagocytic of RBCs

A

entamoeba histolytica

61
Q

acute chagas dx

not standard

A

myocarditis (in the right epidemiologic setting)
parasites in body fluid
PCR

62
Q

chronic chagas dx

A

T cruzi IgG

PCR

63
Q

chagas tx

A 
nifurtimox & benznidazole
long tx
only 50% cured
pacemaker
heart transplant
64
Q

chagas control

A

insecticide
education
home improvement
screen blood transfusion

65
Q

US chagas

A

3000 - 1 million
Los A tx center
LA, MS, TX

66
Q

leishmania vector

A

sandfly

67
Q

kala azar

“black fever”

A

visceral leishmaniasis

68
Q

leishmania donovani

A

asia-africa

69
Q

leishmaia infantum

A

southern europe

70
Q

leishmania chagasi

A

brazil

71
Q 
kala azar (visceral leishmania)
signs/sxs
A 
fever
weight loss
hepatospenomegaly
pancytopenia
hypergammaglobulinemia
hyperpigmentation ("black fever")

often self resolving

72
Q

most susceptible to kala asar

A

< 5 yo

73
Q

kala azar dx

A

blood/biopsy PCR
microscopic visualization of amastigotes
serology (anti-rK39)
intradermal leishmanin skin test

74
Q

K9 reservoir

A

leishmaniasis

75
Q

visceral leishmaiasis tx

A

pentavalent antimony
liposomal amphoteracin B
oral miltefosine

76
Q

cutaneous leishmaniasis

L. braziliensis

A 
leison at inoculation site
wet lesion (pizza)
dry lesion (smaller, crusty)
77
Q

cutaneous leishmaniasis dx

A

biopsy not serology
pathology
PCR

78
Q

old world cutaneous

leishmaniasis

A

L. major

L. tropica

79
Q

new world leishmaniasis

A

L. mexicana
L. amazonesis
L. braziliensis

80
Q

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

L. braziliensis

A

mucosal lesions along w/after cutaneous lesions
commonly nose & oropharynx
usually not prevented by prior tx of cutaneous lesions

81
Q

mild cutaneous

leishmaniasis tx

A

topical paramomycin
heat therapy
intralesional antimony

82
Q

moderate cutaneous

leishmaniasis tx

A

pentavalent antimony
fluconazole/ketoconazole
oral miltefosine

83
Q

leishmaniasis vaccine

A

K9 vaccine licensed in brazil

human vaccine in clinical trials

MID EXAM 2 (11 decks)

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