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MID EXAM 2 > Protozoa (Skin/Intestinal) > Flashcards

Protozoa (Skin/Intestinal) Flashcards

1
Q

apicomplexa

A

intracellular

protozoa

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2
Q

zoomastigophorea

A

flagellated protozoa

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3
Q

sarcodina

A

amoebas

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4
Q

ciliophora

A

ciliated protozoa

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5
Q

intestinal

protozoan infections

A 
giardiasis
cryptosporidiosis
dientameoba infection
blastocystis 
infection
amoebiadis
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6
Q

Beaver Fever

A

giardia duodenalis

pear shaped, flagellated, no mitochondria

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7
Q

asymptomatic giardiasis

A

60% greater in children

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8
Q

acute giardiasis

A 
1-4 wk incubation
loose, foul stool
steatorrhea (no blood)
fever 
(early)
weight loss, anorexia, malaise, cramps, bloating, nausea
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9
Q

chronic giardiasis

A

steatorrhea

growth retardation

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10
Q

malabsorption

chronic giardiasis

A

steatorrhea
growth retardation
vv serum carotene
abnormal xylose test

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11
Q

giardia duodenalis dx

A

fecal exam
enterotest (swallow string)
duodenal aspiration
biopsy

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12
Q

giardia duodenalis tx

A

metronidazole
tinidazole

10 - 20% relapse

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13
Q

coccidian protozoa

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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14
Q

cryptosporidium

parvum

A

GI and resp of vertebrates
intracellular
children often asymptomatic

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15
Q

cryptosporidiosis in

Milwaukee

A

1993
drinking water
> 100 deaths
400,000 sick

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16
Q

cryptosporidium

parvum transmission

A

person to person (day care)
zoonotic (farmers)
water (swim/drink)

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17
Q

cryptosporidium sxs

A 
watery diarrhea
dehydration, weight loss
abdominal pain
fever
N&V
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18
Q

HIV + cryptosporidiosis

A

1 - 2 wk recovery time

chronic diarrhea

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19
Q

cryptosporidium dx

A

modified acid fast stain
direct immunofourescence
EIA kit
immunoassay

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20
Q

cryptosporidium tx

A

nitazoxanide

tx immune deficiency

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21
Q

“Big Cryptosporidium”

A

cyclospora cayetanensis

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22
Q

cyclosporiasis sxs

A 
watery diarrhea
fatigue
GAS
chronic diarrhea w AIDS
remission & relapse
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23
Q

cyclosporiasis dx

A

modified acid fast of feces

PCR of feces

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24
Q

isospora belli

A

chronic diarrhea w AIDS

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25
microsporidia
``` spore forming enterocytozoon bieunsi chronic diarrhea w AIDS biliary tract disease disseminated infection (eye, lung, kidney) ```
26
controversial | pathogenicity
blastocystis hominis (lg glycogen vesicle, parasite present in 5% of ppl)
27
dientameoba fragilis
associated w enterobius infection linked to chronic abd pain (gastroenteritis) watery diarrhea
28
amoebiasis
entamoeba histolytica infection peak 5 - 9 yo major morbidity in central/south america, sub india
29
Can't differentiate | microscopically
entamoeba dispar & | entamoeba histolytica
30
amoebiasis syndromes
asymptomatic colonization dysentery colitis liver abscess
31
amoebic colitis | signs/sxs
``` sxs > 4 wks male:female 9:1 abd tenderness hepatomegaly jaundice ```
32
anchovy paste
aspirate of amoebic liver abcess
33
amoebiasis dx
stool microscopy stool antigen detection (diferentiates dispar from histolytica) stool PCR
34
invasive amoebiasis tx | colitis, liver abscess
metronidazole (trophozites) luminal agent (cysts) drainages not usually required
35
amoebiasis tx | assymptomatic colonization
luminal agent alone - paramomycin - iodoquinol
36
apicomplexa
intracellualar protozoa
37
zoomastigophorea
flagellated protozoa
38
sarcodina
amoebas
39
ciliophora
ciliated protozoa
40
HAT
human african trypanosomiasis | "sleepping sickness"
41
morphologically identical | ssp of trypanosomes
gambian HAT | rhodesian HAT
42
HAT vector
tsetse fly
43
stage of HAT
early (assymptomatic): tryps in blood and lymph late: CNS involvement, typs in CSF
44
west african HAT
T. gambiense
45
trypanosoma brucei brucei
cattle
46
east african HAT
T. rhodesiense
47
congo
gambiense or rhodesinse
48
gambian HAT signs/sxs
``` winterbottom's sign months-yrs w/o sxs intermittent fever weight loss diurnal somnolence nocturnal insomnia constant headache behavior changes death ```
49
rhodesian HAT progression
develops over weeks | shorter than gambian HAT
50
winterbottom's sign
posterior cervial adenopathy
51
HAT dx
erythrocyte sedementation rate hypergammaglobulinemia ^IgM giemsa stain (from nodes, blood, CSF)
52
CATT card
agglutination test for T. gambiense only
53
HAT tx
suramin (rhodesian) pentamadine (gambian) melarsoprol eflornithine (late stage gambian)
54
gambian HAT prevention
case detection and mgmt | no zoonotic reservoir
55
rhodesian HAT prevention
``` vector control veterinary control (cattle reservoir) ```
56
highest chagas burden
bolivia argentina paraguay
57
kissing bug
chagas vector
58
acute chagas
``` chagoma (lesion at parasite entry) romana's sign (conjunctiva is port of entry) malaise, fever, facial edema lymphocytosis parasitemia myocarditis (ECG changes) ```
59
chronic chagas | may present decades later
``` dilated cardiomyopathy LV aneurism conduction defect megacolon megaesophagus ```
60
phagocytic of RBCs
entamoeba histolytica
61
acute chagas dx | not standard
myocarditis (in the right epidemiologic setting) parasites in body fluid PCR
62
chronic chagas dx
T cruzi IgG | PCR
63
chagas tx
``` nifurtimox & benznidazole long tx only 50% cured pacemaker heart transplant ```
64
chagas control
insecticide education home improvement screen blood transfusion
65
US chagas
3000 - 1 million Los A tx center LA, MS, TX
66
leishmania vector
sandfly
67
kala azar | "black fever"
visceral leishmaniasis
68
leishmania donovani
asia-africa
69
leishmaia infantum
southern europe
70
leishmania chagasi
brazil
71
``` kala azar (visceral leishmania)  signs/sxs ```
``` fever weight loss hepatospenomegaly pancytopenia hypergammaglobulinemia hyperpigmentation ("black fever") ``` often self resolving
72
most susceptible to kala asar
< 5 yo
73
kala azar dx
blood/biopsy PCR microscopic visualization of amastigotes serology (anti-rK39) intradermal leishmanin skin test
74
K9 reservoir
leishmaniasis
75
visceral leishmaiasis tx
pentavalent antimony liposomal amphoteracin B oral miltefosine
76
cutaneous leishmaniasis | L. braziliensis
``` leison at inoculation site wet lesion (pizza) dry lesion (smaller, crusty) ```
77
cutaneous leishmaniasis dx
biopsy not serology pathology PCR
78
old world cutaneous | leishmaniasis
L. major | L. tropica
79
new world leishmaniasis
L. mexicana L. amazonesis L. braziliensis
80
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis | L. braziliensis
mucosal lesions along w/after cutaneous lesions commonly nose & oropharynx usually not prevented by prior tx of cutaneous lesions
81
mild cutaneous | leishmaniasis tx
topical paramomycin heat therapy intralesional antimony
82
moderate cutaneous | leishmaniasis tx
pentavalent antimony fluconazole/ketoconazole oral miltefosine
83
leishmaniasis vaccine
K9 vaccine licensed in brazil | human vaccine in clinical trials

MID EXAM 2 (11 decks)

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