Tissue lab exam Flashcards
Name the different types of tissues found in the body?
Epithelium, connective, muscle, neural tissue
What do you need to know to be able to name the exact type of epithelia?
How many layers, and the shape of the epithelial cell
What are the different terms used to describe the shapes of the cells and number of cell layers found in epithelia?
Squamous, cubodial, columnar. Simple, stratified, and pseudostratified.
Describe the different characteristics of epithelia:
cell junctions, apical and basal surfaces, attatchment (basal lamina), avasculairty, regeneration.
Cell junctions and where to find them?
Occluding junction-apical surface, Gap junction-middle outside of cell, Desmosomes- between cells. Hemidesmosomes-basal lamina
What does the occluding junction not allow to take place?
Prevents the passage of water and solutes between cells. Located-apical suface
What does the gap junction allow to take place?
Form passageway that let small molecules and ions pass from cell to cell. Location: middle, outside of cell
What does the desmosome allow to take place?
Stabilize the shape of the cell. Very strong. Location: between cells
What does the hemidesmosome allow to take place?
Attaches cell to extracellular filaments in the basement membrane. Location: basal lamina(basement membrane)
What is epithelia regeneration?
epithelia are replaced by division of germinative cells. They divide continually to produce new cells.
What is a epithelia basal surface?
base of epithelium are bound to
What are the two major groups of Glandular glands?
Endocrine gland, and Exocrine gland
Describe endocrine gland:
releases hormones directly into the blood circulatory system and modulate internal body processes. Example pituitary
Describe the exocrine gland:
secrete fluids into the epithelial surfaces of the body. Example: sweat gland
What are the different modes of secretion in the Glandular Epithelia?
Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
Describe Merocrine gland and give an example:
Helps to regulate body temperature. Released by vesicles, and discharged directly onto the skin. Example Sweat gland
Describe Apocrine gland and give an example:
Produces odor, secretes products into hair follicles. Released by shedding cytoplasm. Example mammary gland (breast milk)
Describe Holocrine gland and give an example:
The secretion of which consists of disintegrated cells of the gland itself. Released by cells, bursting and killing glands. Example sebacecous gland
What is the function of connective tissues?
Connects the epithelium to the rest of the body.
What are the different classifications (categories) of connective tissue (CT)?
Connective tissue proper, supportive, and fluid
What is the connective tissue proper subtypes?
Loose and dense
Examples of loose connective tissue proper:
Areolar, adipose, reticular
Examples of dense connective tissue proper:
Regular, irregular, elastic tissue
What is the supportive connective tissue subtypes?
Cartlidge, bone
Examples of cartlidge supportive connective tissue:
Hyaline, fibrocartlidge, elastic cartlidge
Examples of Bone supportive connective tissue:
Compact, spongy
What is the fluid connective tissue subtype?
Blood
How are the different types of CT different – what makes them different?
Connective tissue proper is composed of loose and dense ct.
Supportive ct is composed of cartlidge and bone
Fluid ct is composed of bone.
Describe the different types of protien fibers found with connective tissue:
Collagen fiber-resists force in one direction
Reticular fiber-resist force in many directions
Elastic fiber-returns to its original shape.
What is the function (role) of fibroblasts and fibrocytes?
Fiberblasts- produce extracellular fibers
Fibrocytes- maintain connective tissue fibers
What is the matrix composed of?
Different protein fibers, and fluid known as ground substance.
List the different types of membranes:
Muscous, serous, custaneous, synovial membranes
How are mucous membranes different from serous membranes?
Muscous membrane line passages that have external connections.
Serous membrane line cavities not open to the outside.
List the different types of serous membranes and where you find them:
Pleura- cover lungs
Peritoneum- covers abs
Pericardium- covers heart
Name the two types of neural cells and the functions of each:
Neuron-nerve cells that perform electrical communication.
Nueroglia- support cell that repairs and supply nutrients to neurons.
Describe the basic parts of a neuron:
Soma-cell body, dendrites, axon, nucleous
Where do action potential and graded potentials take place in the neuron?
Action potential in axon.
Graded potential in the axon hillock.
