Tissue (Connective Tissue) Flashcards
What are connective tissues subdivided into
Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue
What are the functions of connective tissue
-connecting and binding: anchor tissue layers in organs and link organs together
-support: bone and cartilage support weight of body
-protection: bone tissue protects internal organs; cartilage and fat provides shock absorption; components of immune system are throughout connective tissue
-Transport: blood is fluid connective tissue; main transport medium in body
What does connective tissue proper contain
It contains adipose tissue.
What is white adipose tissue
-predominant fat tissue
-looks white
-adipocytes with one big lipid inclusion in cytosol
-deep to skin
-visceral fat surrounds heart and abdominal organs
-in abdomen, breasts, hips, buttocks, and thighs
What is brown adipose tissue
-less common
-looks brown because of mitochondria in cytoplasm and blood supply
-has multiple lipid inclusions
What are the specialized connective tissues
Blood, bone tissue (osseous tissue), cartilage
Describe cartilage
Is in joints between blood, ear, nose and segments of respiratory tract
Describe bone tissue (osseous tissue)
-supports body
-protects vital organs
-provides attachment for muscles that allows movement
-stores calcium
-houses bone marrow (produces blood and stores fat)
Describe blood
-unique connective tissue with liquid ECM
-mostly water, ions, proteins, dissolved solutes
What are the cell types of connective tissue proper
Fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, phagocytes, and other immune cells
What are adipocytes
-fat cells
-dominated by a large inclusion containing lipids
-nuclei and other organelles of adipocytes are squashed to perimeter of cell
What are mast cells
-largest resident cells in connective tissue
-cells of immune system that have cytosolic inclusions (granules) has inflammatory mediators
-releases granules when stimulated and inflammation results
What are phagocytes
-cells of immune system that ingests foreign substances, microorganisms, dead and damaged cells by phagocytosis
-macrophages is a phagocyte that is resident or migrant cells in connective tissue
-neutrophilis is a phagocytes that is a migrant immune fells
What are the 4 basic types of connective tissue proper
Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue
What is loose connective tissue (areolar connective tissue)
-has ground substance
-found deep to epithelium of skin, in membrane lining of body cavities, and as layers in walls of hollow organs
-supports and contains blood vessels and protects against invasion by microorganisms
What is dense connective tissue (fibrous connective tissue)
Subdivided into dense irregular, regular, collagenous, and regular elastic
-contains fibers
What does dense irregular tissue
-collagen fiber
-resists tension in all three planes
-found in organs subjected to tension (dermis, organs, joints)
What does dense regular collagenous connective tissue do
-thick collagen fiber that forms bundles
-resists tension in only one plane
-found in tissue subjected in one direction (tendons, ligaments)
What does dense regular elastic tissue do
-has elastic fibers
-allows certain organs to stretch
-found in lining of large blood vessels and in certain ligaments ( spine)
What does reticular tissue do
-form networks that support blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
-found in lymph nodes and spleen
-web-like nets that trap old and foreign cells
-houses white blood cells
-supports epithelia, liver, and bone narrow
What does adipose tissue do
-has adipocytes, fibroblasts, and ECM
-insulation, warmth, shock absorption, protection, major energy reserve in the body
What does cartilage do
-long, flexible tissue
-absorbs shock and resists tension, compression and shearing forces
-ECM has collagen, elastic fibers, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans
Is cartilage vascular or avascular
-avascular
-limited blood supply
-blood supply is limited in outer sheath (perichondrium) of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
What are the cell types that are part of cartilage
Chondrocytes and chondroblasts
What are chondroblasts
Immature cells that divide by mitosis and makes up most of ECM
What are chondrocytes
Mature cells that inhabit small cavities in the ECM
What are the three classes of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
What does hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage) do
-glass-like appearance
-has big amounts of ground substance
-covers ends of bones
-provides support to sternum, respiratory tract, and nose
What does fibrocartilage do
-filled with collagen fibers
-has fibroblasts
-has tensile strength and elasticity
-found in fibrous joints and in intervertebral discs
What does elastic cartilage do
-limited to external ear and larynx
-Has elastic fibers
-Elastic fibers allows tissue to vibrate and help direction of sound by the larynx
What does the bone do
-supports body, protects vital organs, place for attachment of muscles of voluntary movement, stores calcium, and houses bone marrow
-has organic and inorganic tissue. Organic has collagen fibers and osteoid (35% of body). Inorganic has calcium phosphate crystals (65%)
What are the three cell types of mature bone tissues
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
What does osteoblasts do
-bone builder (process ot bone deposition)
What do osteocytes do
-mature bone cells
-produce substances for bone maintenance, which is secreted by exocytosis
What do osteoclasts do
-bone destroyers (process of bone resportion
