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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Tissue Biomechanics > Flashcards

Tissue Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

The study of how different parts of the human body, such as bone, tendons, and muscle, react to external forces.

A

Tissue biomechanics

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2
Q

Mechanical forces play and important role in the ______, ______, and _____ of tissue as well as the development of ______ and _____.

A

Development
Maintenance
Remodeling

Damage and disease

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3
Q

Combination of tensile and compressive loads.

A

bending

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4
Q

Forces twisting/rotating in opposite directions about the long axis

A

torsion

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5
Q

Forces acting parallel to each other in opposite directions.

A

shear

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6
Q

When a structure is stretched longitudinally.

A

Tension/tensile

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7
Q

When a load produces a force that push the material together.

A

Compression.

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8
Q

Nearly constant compressive forces are applied to what area of the body?

A

Vertebral body and IVD

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9
Q

What are some compression injuries? (4)

A

Bruises (contusions)
Crushing injuries
Compression fractures
pinching

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10
Q

Stretching or pulling force of tension can also be called what?

A

distraction

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11
Q

When do tensile forces occur in the IVD?

A

During rotational movements

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12
Q

What part of the IVD tends to bear the tensile loads?

A

Annular fibers

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13
Q

What are some tension injuries?

A

Spain/strain
avulsion fractures
Nerve traction injuries

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14
Q

What bones are at most risk for fracture?

A

cancellous bones

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15
Q

What are examples of cancellous bones that are at most risk for fracture?

A

Femoral condyle and tibial plateaus

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16
Q

In the spine what RESIST shear forces?

A

facet joints and

Fibers of the annulus fibrosus

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17
Q

What are examples of shear injuries? (4)

A

Brain injuries
tibiofemoral translation injuries such as ACL/PCL
Blisters
Spine injuries

18
Q

Excessive rotational force can result in failure of what?

A

Any of the elements that resist rotation.

19
Q

What are some examples of things that can happen in a torsion injury? (5)

A 
Fracture of:
-Impacted facet joint
-pars interarticularis
Capsular tears
circumferential tears of the annulus fibrosis
Spiral fractures of long bones
20
Q

Bending is a combination of what two types of forces?

A

Compression and tension

21
Q

Fractures to long bones frequently occur through which mechanism?

A

bending

22
Q

What are common tissue responses to mechanical loading/force? (3)

A

Deformation
growth and remodeling
failure

23
Q

When acted on by external forces, objects ______ and/or _____ in the direction of the net force/torque.

A

Translate

rotate

24
Q

Local shape change under the effect of applied force is known as what?

A

deformation

25
Q

If an object is in static equilibrium, then it is most likely that there will be some _______ within the object.

A

Local shape change

26
Q

The extent of deformation depends of what factors? (4)

A

Material properties
Size and shape of object
Environmental factors (heat/humidity)
Force (magnitude, direction , duration)

27
Q

Magnitude of deformation as a result of the applied stress/loading.

A

Strain

28
Q

Measures the intensify of the force.

A

stress

29
Q

A measure of the degree of deformation.

A

strain

30
Q

The amount of external force acting to deform the material.

A

stress

31
Q

The proportional graph, what is on the side going up? What is along the bottom? Stress/strain

A

stress - side

Strain - bottom

32
Q

Have you checked out the graphs for stress/strain in your notes?

A

No? Go look….

33
Q

What three other qualities does the graph show?

A

Strength, futility, and toughness

34
Q

The maximum stress a tissue can withstand without permanent deformation.

A

strength

35
Q

Stress at the yield point of a material beyond which PERMANENT DEFORMATION will occur.

A

Yield strength

36
Q

The maximal stress that a material can withstand prior to the initiation of failure.

A

Ultimate strength

37
Q

The stress at which the material actually breaks or ruptures.

A

Failure strength

38
Q

Force per unit area required to deform material, represented by the STEEPNESS (slope) of the stress/strain curve.

A

ductility

39
Q

Tissues fail at a low stress but can withstand a large strain.

A

Ductile (pliant)

40
Q

Tissue can withstand high stress but fail with relatively low strain.

A

Brittle (stiff)

Biomechanics Exam 1 (7 decks)

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