Tissue Biomechanics 2 Flashcards
The total energy required to cause material FAILURE.
toughness
How can toughness be estimated on the stress/strain curve?
By observing the TOTAL AREA under the stress strain curve.
Describe bone in strength, ductility, and toughness:
High strength
Low ductility (brittle)
Low toughness
Describe a tendon in strength, ductility, and toughness.
Moderate strength and ductility
High toughness
Describe a ligament in strength, ductility, and toughness:
Low strength, high ductility,
Moderate toughness
The ability to return to original shape when the load is removed:
elasticity
The point at which the applied stress can lead to PERMANENT DEFORMATION:
Yield point
The nonlinear response of the material after the yield point - some degree of deformation will persist after removal of stress:
Plastic region
In the plastic region, will the material return to normal shape?
no
Property of materials to resist loads that produce shear or tensile forces:
viscosity
What refers to putty like behavior? (The linear deformation produced by tensile stress remains after the stress is removed:
Viscous (plastic) stretch
The majority of body tissues are this:
viscoelastic
When a material shows both viscosity AND elasticity:
viscoelasticity
Viscoelastic structures will show ______ dependent loading characteristics:
time
What are the three time dependent loading characteristics of viscoelasticity?
creep
Relaxation
hysteresis
Continued deformation over time when constantly loaded.
creep
The corresponding eventual decrease in stress that will occur as fluid is NO long exuded:
relaxation
Energy loss exhibited by Viscoelastic material when they are subjected to loading and unloading cycles:
hysteresis
Creep in tissues occurs because of what?
Expulsion of water (IVDs)
The larger the load, the ______ the hysteresis.
greater
The part of the graph for normal range of motion:
Toe region
This region of the graph is after taking out the slack in soft tissue:
Micro-failure
Is it still elastic in the micro-failure region of the graph?
yes
A grade one strain and small amount of damage happen in this region of the graph:
micro-failure
The stress when plastic deformation starts:
Yield stress
Magnitude of stress on the load–deformation curve at which appreciable deformation takes place without any appreciable increase in load:
Yield stress
The tissue undergoes PLASTIC deformation, grade 2 sprain:
Macro-failure
Eventually the tissue ruptures, what grade sprain is this?
Grade 3 sprain
Are you looking at the graph for loading characteristics? In order how does it go?
No, then look Toe region Micro-failure, Yield point, Macro-failure (plastic) rupture
Toe region is also known as the:
Clinical region
Slack or crimp removed in this region:
Toe region
