Tissue Biology

Question 1

What is the function of cell junctions?

Answer 1

Points of contact between adjacent cell plasma membranes, provide structure and allow communication.

Question 2

What junction provides watertight seals between cells?

Answer 2

Tight Junctions

Question 3

What is the function of hemidesmosomes?

Answer 3

Cell-to-cell stability

Question 4

Name the junction which holds epithelial cells together.

Answer 4

Adherens Junctions

Question 5

Describe the structure of Tight Junctions.

Answer 5

plasma membranes fused with a strip of transmembrane proteins

Question 6

Describe the structure of hemidesmosomes.

Answer 6

contains plaque and cadherins, attaches to intermediate filament

Question 7

Which junction contains a dense layer of plaque inside the cell membrane and attaches to cadherins ans microfilament?

Answer 7

Adherens Junction

Question 8

List the general functions of epithelial tissue.

Answer 8

selective barrier, secretory surface and protection

Question 9

Describe the epithelial tissue selective barrier function.

Answer 9

Helps selectively transfer substances into and out of the body via diffusion, osmosis, filtration and absorption

Question 10

In what ways is epithelial tissue a secretory surface?

Answer 10

releases molecules produced by the cells into the free surface via secretion and excretion

Question 11

How does epithelial tissue provide protection?

Answer 11

resists any abrasive influence of the environment via movement, protective and reproductive mechanisms

Question 12

What class of epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells with centrally located nuclei?

Answer 12

simple squamous epithelium

Question 13

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 13

diffusion, secretion and filtration

Question 14

Describe the structure of simple squamous epithelium.

Answer 14

Single layered, flat cells with centrally located nuclei.

Question 15

What is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 15

motility

Question 16

Describe the structure of ciliated simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 16

single layer of column-like cells, cilia present; oval nuclei near base of cell

Question 17

Name the two basic elements of connective tissue.

Answer 17

Cells and extracellular matrix

Question 18

Name the two major types of cells within connective tissue.

Answer 18

Mature (-cyte) and immature (-blast)

Question 19

Name the two major components of extracellular matrix.

Answer 19

ground substance and protein fibres

Question 20

Describe the structure of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 20

Collagen fibres arranged irregularly in bundles

Question 21

Which class of connective tissue provides tensile strength in many directions?

Answer 21

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 22

Describe the function of fibrocartilage

Answer 22

provides support and joins structures

Question 23

Describe the structure of fibrocartilage

Answer 23

visible and thick bundles of collagen fibres and gelatinous ground substance

Question 24

Name the cells that loose adipose tissue is comprised of.

Answer 24

Adipocytes

Question 25

What is the function of loose adipose tissue?

Answer 25

reduce heat loss / generate heat, provides an energy reserve

Question 26

Name the three types of epithelial membranes.

Answer 26

Epithelial Mucous Membrane, Epithelial Serous Membrane and Epithelial Cutaneous Membrane

Question 27

Outline the structure of epithelial mucous membrane.

Answer 27

stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelial layer of goblet cells, attach to areolar connective tissue

Question 28

Outline the structure of epithelial serous membrane.

Answer 28

simple squamous epithelium attached to areolar connective tissue

Question 29

Outline the structure of epithelial cutaneous membrane.

Answer 29

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium attached to the dermis

Question 30

Where is the epithelial cutaneous membrane located?

Answer 30

covers the surface of the body, skin

Question 31

Where is the epithelial mucous membrane located?

Answer 31

lines body cavities open to the outside, mouth

Question 32

Where is the epithelial serous membrane located?

Answer 32

lines body cavities not open directly to the outside, thoracic cavity

Question 33

Name one function of the epithelial mucous membrane.

Answer 33

prevents cavities drying out, protection

Question 34

Name one function of the epithelial serous membrane.

Answer 34

allows organs to glide easily over one another and against cavity walls

Question 35

Name one function of epithelial cutaneous membrane.

Answer 35

protective barrier and regulatory mechanism