Skeletal System Flashcards
Define bone remodelling.
the ongoing replacement if old bone tissue by new bone tissue
What are the two processes involved in bone remodelling?
bone deposition and bone reabsorption
List the four bone cells that contribute to bone remodelling.
osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoprogenitors
How do osteoprogenitors contribute to bone remodelling?
they divide to become osteoblasts
How do osteoblasts contribute to bone remodelling?
secrete collagen and other components needed to build extracellular matrix, initiates calcification
How do osteocytes contribute to bone remodelling?
maintain mineral concentration of the extracellular matrix
How do osteoclasts contribute to bone remodelling?
breakdown extracellular matrix and regulates blood calcium
List the four zones present in the epiphyseal plate of long bones.
zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage and zone of calcified cartilage
What occurs on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate during growth in length?
interstitial growth of cartilage occurs via mitosis, chondrocytes proliferate
What occurs on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate during growth in length?
replacement of cartilage occurs, osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage, invasion of osteoblasts to build bone
State which part of the long bone increases in length.
diaphysis
Why does healing occur faster in bone tissue than in cartilage?
lack of blood vessels in cartilage
Name the four phases of bone fracture repair in the correct order.
reactive, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, boney callus formation and remodelling
Describe one event of the reactive phase of bone fracture repair.
swelling and inflammation occurs, phagocytes and osteoclasts remove damaged tissue
Describe one event of the fibrocartilaginous callus formation phase of bone fracture repair.
new blood vessels form, fibroclasts produce collagen fibres and chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage
Describe one event of the boney callus formation phase of bone fracture repair.
osteoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts, hard callus is formed
Describe one event of the remodelling phase of bone fracture repair.
dead portions of fragment is reabsorbed by osteoclasts
List the two criteria that joint structural classification is based on.
presence / absence of synovial cavity and type of connective tissue
Name the three structural classifications of joints.
synovial joint, cartilaginous joint and fibrous joint
Describe the structure of synovial joint based on two structural criteria.
contains synovial cavity, hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
Describe the structure of fibrous joint based on two structural criteria.
no synovial cavity, dense fibrous connective tissue
Describe the structure of cartilaginous joint based on two structural criteria.
no synovial cavity, fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Name the three functional classifications of joints.
synoarthrosis joint, amphiarthrosis joint and diarthrosis joint
Describe the movement of synoarthrosis joints.
immovable
