Tissue Architecture

Question 1

Functions of cytoskeleton on cellular levels

Answer 1

Shape
Motility
Adhesion
Divison

Question 2

Cytoskeleton is 4 things

Answer 2

Dynamic, adaptable, stable, strong

Question 3

Larger cytoskeletal components = what

Answer 3

More stable

Question 4

Long subunits of cytoskeleton are what

Answer 4

Staggered

Question 5

Three types of cytoskeletal filaments

Answer 5

1. Intermediate filaments
2. Microtubules
3. Microfilaments

Question 6

Intermediate filaments are made up of what

Answer 6

Laminin

Question 7

Microtubules are made up of what

Answer 7

Tubulins

Question 8

Microfilaments are made up of what

Answer 8

Actin

Question 9

Intermediate filaments

Strength? Location?

Answer 9

Great tensile strength
Found in cytoplasm
Forms a mesh-like structure called nuclear lamina

Question 10

What is cogeria

Answer 10

Accelerated aging disease

Question 11

Microtubules

Define, shape, location, function

Answer 11

Crucial organization role in all eukaryotic cells

Long and still hollow tubes that rapidly assemble and disassemble

Are the mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation, also park of cilia and flagella

Question 12

What are microtubules made up of

Answer 12

Alph and beta heterodimers (tubuluin)

Question 13

What is the role of gamma tubulin in microtubules

Answer 13

Allow for an anchor point for growth

Question 14

What does taxol do

Answer 14

Lock microtubules and prevents them from expanding which means the cell can not reproduce

Question 15

Microfilaments
Define, function, location

Stable or unstable?

Essential for what?

Answer 15

Made up of actin filaments (twisted polymer of G-actin)

Present in all cell types

Unstable on their own, need association with other proteins

Essential for cell movement

Question 16

What do phalloidins do

Answer 16

Binds and stabilize filaments - not good

Question 17

Extracellular matrix
Where produced?
Define
Composition?

Answer 17

Produced intracellularly and secreted

Matrix which interacts with cells/tissues via transmembrane proteins

Composition and properties are controlled and vary by tissue type and location

Question 18

Collagen

Answer 18

Main structural protein in ECM
28 types

Is formed of trimeric proteins

Play a role in almost everything

Question 19

Where is collagen produced

Answer 19

Inside the cell, not functional until it leaves the cell and is cleaved

Question 20

Collagen becomes what and what inside ER

Answer 20

Glycosylated and hydroxylated

Question 21

What cofactor is used to hydroxylate collagen

Answer 21

Ascorpate (Vit - C)

Question 22

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Answer 22

Caused by mutation in collagen or collagen synthesis genes

Stretchy skin

Question 23

What are the three domains of the call adhesion molecules

Answer 23

1. Extracellular
2. Transmembrane
3. Cytoplasmic

Question 24

What does the extracellular CAM allow for

Answer 24

Binding to adjacent cell

Question 25

What does transmembrane CAM allow for

Answer 25

Links the CAM to the membrane

Question 26

What does cytoplasmic CAM allow for

Answer 26

Bind to cytoskeleton via linker protein

Question 27

What are common features of Classic Cadherins

Answer 27

Well established Ca-dependent homophillic function

Functions in cytoplasm

Question 28

What are three types of classic cadherin

Answer 28

E-cadherin
N-cadherin
R-cadherin
VE-cadherin

Question 29

Common features of atypical cadherins

Answer 29

Function as hemophilic adhesion proteins without interactions with actin cytoskeleton