Tissue Architecture Flashcards
Functions of cytoskeleton on cellular levels
Shape
Motility
Adhesion
Divison
Cytoskeleton is 4 things
Dynamic, adaptable, stable, strong
Larger cytoskeletal components = what
More stable
Long subunits of cytoskeleton are what
Staggered
Three types of cytoskeletal filaments
- Intermediate filaments
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments are made up of what
Laminin
Microtubules are made up of what
Tubulins
Microfilaments are made up of what
Actin
Intermediate filaments
Strength? Location?
Great tensile strength
Found in cytoplasm
Forms a mesh-like structure called nuclear lamina
What is cogeria
Accelerated aging disease
Microtubules
Define, shape, location, function
Crucial organization role in all eukaryotic cells
Long and still hollow tubes that rapidly assemble and disassemble
Are the mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation, also park of cilia and flagella
What are microtubules made up of
Alph and beta heterodimers (tubuluin)
What is the role of gamma tubulin in microtubules
Allow for an anchor point for growth
What does taxol do
Lock microtubules and prevents them from expanding which means the cell can not reproduce
Microfilaments
Define, function, location
Stable or unstable?
Essential for what?
Made up of actin filaments (twisted polymer of G-actin)
Present in all cell types
Unstable on their own, need association with other proteins
Essential for cell movement
What do phalloidins do
Binds and stabilize filaments - not good
Extracellular matrix
Where produced?
Define
Composition?
Produced intracellularly and secreted
Matrix which interacts with cells/tissues via transmembrane proteins
Composition and properties are controlled and vary by tissue type and location
Collagen
Main structural protein in ECM
28 types
Is formed of trimeric proteins
Play a role in almost everything
Where is collagen produced
Inside the cell, not functional until it leaves the cell and is cleaved
Collagen becomes what and what inside ER
Glycosylated and hydroxylated
What cofactor is used to hydroxylate collagen
Ascorpate (Vit - C)
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Caused by mutation in collagen or collagen synthesis genes
Stretchy skin
What are the three domains of the call adhesion molecules
- Extracellular
- Transmembrane
- Cytoplasmic
What does the extracellular CAM allow for
Binding to adjacent cell
What does transmembrane CAM allow for
Links the CAM to the membrane
What does cytoplasmic CAM allow for
Bind to cytoskeleton via linker protein
What are common features of Classic Cadherins
Well established Ca-dependent homophillic function
Functions in cytoplasm
What are three types of classic cadherin
E-cadherin
N-cadherin
R-cadherin
VE-cadherin
Common features of atypical cadherins
Function as hemophilic adhesion proteins without interactions with actin cytoskeleton
