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V - KCU - MCM (T2) - OMS1 > Basic Blood > Flashcards

Basic Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Thrombocytes

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2
Q

Neutrophils Define Functions Staining

A

Multi-lobed nucleus Lack of cytoplasmic staining Function in acute inflammation and tissue injury Secretes enzymes, ingest damage tissue, kill invading microorganisms Recognize and bind to basteria

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3
Q

Spectrin filaments are anchored by what

A

Band 4.1 complex Ankyrin protein complex

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4
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Monocytes

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5
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fluid found surrounding tissue cells, derived from blood plasma

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6
Q

Where are erythrocytes phagocytosed

A

Spleen, bone marrow, and liver

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7
Q

Lymphocytes Define and function

A

Main functional cells of immune system Intense staining Can differentiate into other effector cells

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8
Q

Basophils Define and function

A

Lobed nucleus obscured by granules Functionally related to mast cells Binding of an antigen-IgE antibody complex trigger activation Active during anaphylaxis

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9
Q

What three things make up plasma

A

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

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10
Q

What is the lattice in RBCs composed of

A

Alpha-spectrin and beta-spectrin molecules Forms long flexible tetramers

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11
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

Serum plasma

A

Blood plasma without clotting factors

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13
Q

Globulins - two types

A
  1. Immunoglobulins - (y globulins) largest component, functional immune-system molecules 2. Non-immune globulins (a and b globulins) maintain the osmotic pressure within the vascular system and serve as carrier proteins
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14
Q

Hematocrit

A

The volume of RBC’s in a sample of blood

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15
Q

Mnemonic to remember how much of each leukocyte is in blood

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils

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16
Q

Functions of blood

A

Delivery of nutrients and oxygen and hormones Transport of waste Maintenance of homeostasis

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17
Q

Define hemolytic anemia

A

Accelerated destruction of RBCs

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18
Q

What can lead to decreased RBC production

A

Insufficient iron, B12, or folic acid

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19
Q

Reticulocytes - define

A

Immature RBCs which are released into circulation from bone marrow Still have organelles Will mature into erythrocytes in 24-48 hours

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20
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia Define

A

Single point mutation of B-globin chain of hemoglobin Low oxygen sats Blood is more viscous Breaks down in 20 days

21
Q

RBCs are degraded how many days

A

120 days

22
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Basophils

23
Q

Fibrinogen - define and functions

A

Largest plasma protein Made in the liver Forms fibrinogen chains which turns to fibrin monomers which turn to long chain fibers These become cross linked to form a fibrin net

24
Q

Hereditary elliptocytosis

A

Autosomal dominant mutation Spectin to spectin and spectin to ankyrin junctions are defective Membrane fails to rebound and progressively elongates - elliptical RBCs

25
Q

Blood compositon

A

55% plasma (water/proteins) 44% RBCs 1% buffy coat

26
Q

Three types of lymphocytes

A
  1. T lymphocytes - undergo differentiation in the thymus, long life span, involved in cell mediated immunity 2. B lymphocytes - form and differentiate in bone marrow, transform into plasma cells with antibodies 3. NK Cells - programed to kill viruses
27
Q

Eosinophils Define Functions

A

Bi-lobed nuclei with large and elongated azurophillic granules Release arylsulfatase and histaminase Mediates chronic inflammations

28
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Reticulocytes

29
Q

Two general groups of leukocytes

A
  1. Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils 2. Agranulocytes - lymphocytes, monocytes
30
Q

Spectrin and band 4.1 interact with what

A

Interacts with glycophorin C to help anchor spectrins

31
Q

To run a test on clotting ability, you need to use what

A

Plasma

32
Q

Plasma is the what of blood

A

Fluid part

33
Q

What type of cell is this

A

RBC

34
Q

Monocytes Define and function

A

Largest of WBCs Contain small azurophillic granules Differentiate during phagocytosis

35
Q

parts of blood and types of cells found there

A

Consists of cells and a protein rich fluid plasma 1. Erythrocytes 2. Leukocytes 3. Thrombocytes

36
Q

Albumin - define and functions

A

Main protein constituent of plasma Made in the liver Responsible for exerting the concentration gradient between blood and EC tissue fluid Major source of colloid osmotic pressure Carrier protein for thyroxine, bilirubin, and barbiturates

37
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Eosinophils

38
Q

Blood plasma is what percentage of water by weight

A

90%

39
Q

What solutes are solvent in plasma

A

Proteins Nutrients Waste Electrolytes Dissolved gasses

40
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Lymphocytes

41
Q

Band 3 protein

A

Binds hemoglobin and acts as an anchoring site for the cytoskeletal proteins in RBCs

42
Q

Three types of neutrophil granules

A
  1. Azurphilic granules (primary) - lysosomes containing myeloperoxidase (MPO) 2. Specific granules (secondary) - various enzymes and peptides 3. Tertiary granules
43
Q

Ultimatley blood is a what

A

Connective tissue

44
Q

Difference between serum and plasma

A

Plasma has coag factors, where as serum is the absence of these factors (fluid left over from the removal of coag factors)

45
Q

What type of cell is this

A

Neutrophils

46
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Autosomal dominant mutation Affects the ankyrin complex causing defective anchor points which makes the membrane detach and peel off causing spherical erythrocytes

47
Q

Erthyrocytes line up in a what

A

Rouloue (line up to xfer things to capillaries)

48
Q

Glycophorin C

A

Attaches underlying cytoskeletal protein network to cell membrane in RBC

49
Q

Most anemias are caused by what

A

Reduced RBCs

V - KCU - MCM (T2) - OMS1 (16 decks)

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