Basic Blood

Question 1

What type of cell is this

Answer 1

Thrombocytes

Question 2

Neutrophils Define Functions Staining

Answer 2

Multi-lobed nucleus Lack of cytoplasmic staining Function in acute inflammation and tissue injury Secretes enzymes, ingest damage tissue, kill invading microorganisms Recognize and bind to basteria

Question 3

Spectrin filaments are anchored by what

Answer 3

Band 4.1 complex Ankyrin protein complex

Question 4

What type of cell is this

Answer 4

Monocytes

Question 5

Interstitial fluid

Answer 5

Fluid found surrounding tissue cells, derived from blood plasma

Question 6

Where are erythrocytes phagocytosed

Answer 6

Spleen, bone marrow, and liver

Question 7

Lymphocytes Define and function

Answer 7

Main functional cells of immune system Intense staining Can differentiate into other effector cells

Question 8

Basophils Define and function

Answer 8

Lobed nucleus obscured by granules Functionally related to mast cells Binding of an antigen-IgE antibody complex trigger activation Active during anaphylaxis

Question 9

What three things make up plasma

Answer 9

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Question 10

What is the lattice in RBCs composed of

Answer 10

Alpha-spectrin and beta-spectrin molecules Forms long flexible tetramers

Question 11

What type of cell is this

Answer 11

Neutrophils

Question 12

Serum plasma

Answer 12

Blood plasma without clotting factors

Question 13

Globulins - two types

Answer 13

1. Immunoglobulins - (y globulins) largest component, functional immune-system molecules 2. Non-immune globulins (a and b globulins) maintain the osmotic pressure within the vascular system and serve as carrier proteins

Question 14

Hematocrit

Answer 14

The volume of RBC’s in a sample of blood

Question 15

Mnemonic to remember how much of each leukocyte is in blood

Answer 15

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils

Question 16

Functions of blood

Answer 16

Delivery of nutrients and oxygen and hormones Transport of waste Maintenance of homeostasis

Question 17

Define hemolytic anemia

Answer 17

Accelerated destruction of RBCs

Question 18

What can lead to decreased RBC production

Answer 18

Insufficient iron, B12, or folic acid

Question 19

Reticulocytes - define

Answer 19

Immature RBCs which are released into circulation from bone marrow Still have organelles Will mature into erythrocytes in 24-48 hours

Question 20

Sickle Cell Anemia Define

Answer 20

Single point mutation of B-globin chain of hemoglobin Low oxygen sats Blood is more viscous Breaks down in 20 days

Question 21

RBCs are degraded how many days

Answer 21

120 days

Question 22

What type of cell is this

Answer 22

Basophils

Question 23

Fibrinogen - define and functions

Answer 23

Largest plasma protein Made in the liver Forms fibrinogen chains which turns to fibrin monomers which turn to long chain fibers These become cross linked to form a fibrin net

Question 24

Hereditary elliptocytosis

Answer 24

Autosomal dominant mutation Spectin to spectin and spectin to ankyrin junctions are defective Membrane fails to rebound and progressively elongates - elliptical RBCs

Question 25

Blood compositon

Answer 25

55% plasma (water/proteins) 44% RBCs 1% buffy coat

Question 26

Three types of lymphocytes

Answer 26

1. T lymphocytes - undergo differentiation in the thymus, long life span, involved in cell mediated immunity 2. B lymphocytes - form and differentiate in bone marrow, transform into plasma cells with antibodies 3. NK Cells - programed to kill viruses

Question 27

Eosinophils Define Functions

Answer 27

Bi-lobed nuclei with large and elongated azurophillic granules Release arylsulfatase and histaminase Mediates chronic inflammations

Question 28

What type of cell is this

Answer 28

Reticulocytes

Question 29

Two general groups of leukocytes

Answer 29

1. Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils 2. Agranulocytes - lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 30

Spectrin and band 4.1 interact with what

Answer 30

Interacts with glycophorin C to help anchor spectrins

Question 31

To run a test on clotting ability, you need to use what

Answer 31

Plasma

Question 32

Plasma is the what of blood

Answer 32

Fluid part

Question 33

What type of cell is this

Answer 33

RBC

Question 34

Monocytes Define and function

Answer 34

Largest of WBCs Contain small azurophillic granules Differentiate during phagocytosis

Question 35

parts of blood and types of cells found there

Answer 35

Consists of cells and a protein rich fluid plasma 1. Erythrocytes 2. Leukocytes 3. Thrombocytes

Question 36

Albumin - define and functions

Answer 36

Main protein constituent of plasma Made in the liver Responsible for exerting the concentration gradient between blood and EC tissue fluid Major source of colloid osmotic pressure Carrier protein for thyroxine, bilirubin, and barbiturates

Question 37

What type of cell is this

Answer 37

Eosinophils

Question 38

Blood plasma is what percentage of water by weight

Answer 38

90%

Question 39

What solutes are solvent in plasma

Answer 39

Proteins Nutrients Waste Electrolytes Dissolved gasses

Question 40

What type of cell is this

Answer 40

Lymphocytes

Question 41

Band 3 protein

Answer 41

Binds hemoglobin and acts as an anchoring site for the cytoskeletal proteins in RBCs

Question 42

Three types of neutrophil granules

Answer 42

1. Azurphilic granules (primary) - lysosomes containing myeloperoxidase (MPO) 2. Specific granules (secondary) - various enzymes and peptides 3. Tertiary granules

Question 43

Ultimatley blood is a what

Answer 43

Connective tissue

Question 44

Difference between serum and plasma

Answer 44

Plasma has coag factors, where as serum is the absence of these factors (fluid left over from the removal of coag factors)

Question 45

What type of cell is this

Answer 45

Neutrophils

Question 46

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 46

Autosomal dominant mutation Affects the ankyrin complex causing defective anchor points which makes the membrane detach and peel off causing spherical erythrocytes

Question 47

Erthyrocytes line up in a what

Answer 47

Rouloue (line up to xfer things to capillaries)

Question 48

Glycophorin C

Answer 48

Attaches underlying cytoskeletal protein network to cell membrane in RBC

Question 49

Most anemias are caused by what

Answer 49

Reduced RBCs