Tissue Flashcards
Name the three arrangements epithelium can have.
Simple, pseudostratified, stratified.
Name the three arrangements of connective tissue.
Loose irregular (areolar). Dense regular (e.g tendons). Dense irregular (e.g dermis).
Name the three types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle (branched), smooth muscle.
Name the four types of epithelium.
1) Squamous.
2) Columnar.
3) Cuboidal.
4) Transitional.
What role do glycosaminoglycans (e.g hyaluronic acid) have in the extracellular matrix?
Bind to core proteins, to form proteoglycans.
Name the cell junctions in order from apical surface to basolateral surface.
Tight junctions - transmembrane proteins that prevent substances moving down the paracellular cleft.
Adherens junctions - plaque bound to actin microfilaments of cytoskeleton (adhesion belt), and anchors cells together by cadherins.
Desmosomes - adhesive junction, bound to the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton (keratin) and cadherins.
Gap junctions - allow rapid ion movement from one cytosol to the next, connexins form 6 unit connexons, and two connexons form a gap junction.
Hemidesmosomes - intermediate filaments (keratin) bound to integrins, between the cells and the basal lamina.
Which matrix proteins form the basal lamina?
Laminin and Type IV collagen.
What are the 3 functions of neuroglial cells?
Supply nutrients to neurones, destroy and digest dead neurones.
Regulate content of extracellular space, surround neurones and hold them in place.
Insulate one neurone from another, modulate nerve transmission and immune response.
What are the six types of cell signalling?
Direct signalling - gap junctions
Intracrine (steroid hormones)
Autocrine (hydrophilic signalling molecules)
Juxtacrine - mechanical signalling
Paracrine e.g histamine in immune response
Endocrine - signalling molecule circulates in blood
