Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What is the difference between Camper’s fascia and Scarpa’s fascia?

Answer 1

Camper’s fascia is the fatty layer that is more superficial, Scarpa’s fascia is the deeper membranous layer.

Question 2

What happens to the muscles at the tip of the ninth costal cartilage?

Answer 2

They turn aponeurotic.

Question 3

Which ribs does the external oblique originate from?

Answer 3

The inferior 8, it has 8 digitations

Question 4

Which way do the fibres of the external oblique run?

Answer 4

Inferio-medially, same as the external intercostals.

Question 5

Where does the external oblique insert?

Answer 5

Along whole iliac crest, and then on pubic tubercle. Free border between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis = inguinal ligament.

Question 6

Where does the internal oblique arise?

Answer 6

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament.

Question 7

Which muscles from the conjoint tendon?

Answer 7

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis.

Question 8

Which way do the fibres of the internal oblique run?

Answer 8

Superio-medially, same as internal intercostals.

Question 9

Where does the transversus abdominis originate?

Answer 9

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, costal margin.

Question 10

Which costal cartilages does rectus abdominis attach to?

Answer 10

Costal cartilages 5-9

Question 11

What are tendinous intersections?

Answer 11

White lines that attach the muscle to the anterior rectus sheath. There are no tendinous intersections posteriorly.

Question 12

What is the rectus sheath like above the anterior superior iliac spine (and arcuate line)?

Answer 12

The internal oblique inserts either side of the rectus abdominis muscle, the external oblique is anterior, the transversus abdominis and transversalis fascia are posterior.

Question 13

What is the rectus sheath like below the anterior superior iliac spine (and arcuate line)?

Answer 13

Only the transversalis fascia and peritoneum are posterior to the rectus abdominis muscles, the transversus abdominis + internal oblique + external oblique are anterior.

Question 14

What is the name of the curved line either side of rectus abdominis that meets the costal margin at the tip of the 9th costal cartilage?

Answer 14

Linea semilunaris.

Question 15

What 5 things make up the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Vertebral column 
Diaphragm
Quadratus lumborum (accessory muscle of expiration)
Psoas major (hip flexor)
Iliacus (hip flexor)

Question 16

Where does quadratus lumborum arise?

Answer 16

Arises on iliac crest and transverse process of L5, attaches to inferior aspect of 12th rib.

Question 17

Where does psoas major arise and insert?

Answer 17

Arises from vertebral bodies of T12-L5, and inserts on lesser trochanter of femur.

Question 18

Where does iliacus arise and insert?

Answer 18

Lies in iliac fossa and inserts on lesser trochanter.

Question 19

How long is the inguinal canal?

Answer 19

4cm

Question 20

What is the mnemonic for the order of the abdominal muscles?

Answer 20

SPARE TIRE
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
External oblique