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Human Physiology And Pathophysiology > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cell with similar structure and function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Study of tissue

A

histology

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3
Q

A physician who study cell and tissue

A

Pathologist

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4
Q

Protein structures that physically connect cells to one another

A

Cell Junction

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5
Q

It binds adjacent cell together
Ex. Intestine

A

Tight Junction

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6
Q

Mechanical links that bind cell

A

Desmosomes (cadherins)

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7
Q

Help epithelial surfaces resist separation during contractile activities

A

Adherens (cadherins)

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8
Q

It bind cell to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes (integrins)

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9
Q

Small channel that allow molecule to pass between cell
Allow cell to communicate
Most common

A

Gap Junction (connexins)

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10
Q

Types of Tissue

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue

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11
Q

Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; also forms glands

Allow the body to interact with both its internal and externak environment

A

Epithelial Tissue

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12
Q

Hallmarks of epithelial tissue

A

-Cover and line body surface
-Often form sheet w/ one free surface
-Avascular (no blood supply)
-Regenerate easily if well nourished

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13
Q

Arrangement of layers

A
  1. Simple
  2. Pseudostratified
  3. Stratified
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14
Q

A single layer that is orderly arrange

A

Simple

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15
Q

A single layer that is elongated

A

Pseudostratified

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16
Q

More that 2 layer of cell that not all are connected or lies on the basement membrane

A

Stratified

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17
Q

Cell Shape

A
  1. Squamos
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
  4. Transitional
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18
Q

It is cell shape that is flat or scalelike
Rapid passage of substances

A

squamous

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19
Q

It is a cell shape that is cube-shaped or like ano tinapay na nakadikit dikit parang abs
May have microvilli
For secretion and absorption

A

cuboidal

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20
Q

It is a cell shape that is elongated, tall and thin rather than wide
Secretion and absorption and protect underlying tissue

A

Columnar

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21
Q

It changes shape from squamos to cuboidal and back, as organs like urinary bladder stretch (distend) to a larger size then collapse to a smaller size

A

Transitional Cell

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22
Q

Single layer flat cell that resembled a tiled floor, centrally located nucleus that is flattened and oval or spherical in shape

Located at endothelium and mesothelium

Present at site of filtration (blood&kidney) or diffusion (diffusion of oxygen into blood vessel of lung), site of excretion in serous membrane. Not found in body areas subject to mechanical stress (tear &

A

Simple Squamos Epithelium

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23
Q

Cardiovascular and lymphatic system (heart, blood vessel, lymphatic vessel)

A

Endothelium

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24
Q

Layer of serous membrane

A

Mesothelium

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25
Q

Single layer of tall, narrow cell, which some have cilia

Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cell

Located at Glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, outditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, gallbladder, small intestines, and ventricles of the brain

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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26
Q

This epithelial type is relatively rare, and is found in sweat gland ducts, and ovarian follicular cell, and salivary glands

For absorption, secretion, and protection

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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27
Q

consistas of more than one layer of epithelial cell but only the surface cell are columnar

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

28
Q

Stratified cell that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamos when it is by fluid

Accomodated fluctuations in the volume of liquid in organ or a tube, protect agains the caustic effect of urines

Lining of urinary bladder, ureter, superior urethea

A

Transitional Epithelium

29
Q

Two major gland types develop from epithelial sheet

A

Endocrine Glands
Exocrine Glands

30
Q

Ducless; secretion (hormones) diffuse into blood vessel
Ex: Thyroid, adrenals, pituitary

A

Endocrine Glands

31
Q

Secretion empty through ducts to the epithelial surface. Includes sweat and oil glands, liver, pancreas (both internal and external)

A

Exocrine Glands

32
Q

Usually characterized by large amounts of extracellular material that separates cell from one another
Function: Support, binding, protection

A

Connective Tissue

33
Q

Characteristic of Connective Tissue

A

Variation in blood supply
- some tissue are well vascularized
- some have poor blood supply or avascular
Extracellular Matrix
- nonliving material that surrounds living cells

34
Q

Types of Protein Fibers

A

Collagen Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers

35
Q

Resembles microscopic ropes, are flexible but resist stretching

A

Collagen Fibers

36
Q

Are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form supporting network

A

Reticular Fibers

37
Q

Have structure similar to that of coiled metal bed springs; after being stretched, they can coil to their original shape

A

Elastic Fibers

38
Q

3 Types of Adult Connective Tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper
Supporting Connective Tissue
Fluid Connective Tissue

39
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

Looses and dense

40
Q

Supporting Connective Tissue

A

Cartilage and Bone

41
Q

Fluid Conenctive Tissue

A

Blood

42
Q

Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy netword with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid

A

Loose Connective Tissue

43
Q

3 Subdivision of Loose Connective Tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

44
Q

Fine network of fibers (mostly collagen, some are elastic) w/ spaces between fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes are located in the spaces

Loose packing, support, nourishment of the structure

Widely distributed throughout the body

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

45
Q

Little extracellular matrix surrounding cell; odipocytes or fat cells, are so full of lipids that the cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery of the cell

Function: Packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage and protection of organs against injury from being bumped jorred

Predominantly located at subcutaneous areas, mesenteries, renal pelves, around kidneys, attached to the surface of the colon, mammary glands, and in loose connective tissue that penetrates into spaces and crevices

A

Adipose Connective Tissue

46
Q

Fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged

Function: Provides a superstructive for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues

Located within the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

A

Reticular Connective Tissue

47
Q

It has relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all the extracellular space

A

Dense Connective Tissue

48
Q

2 Major Subcategories of Dense Connective Tissue

A

Collagenous and Elastic

49
Q

Matrix composed of collagen fibers running in somewhat the same direction in tendons and ligaments, collagen runs in several direction in the dermis of the skin and in organ capsules

Function: Withstand great pulling forces exerted in the directionon the fiber orientation due to great tensile strength and stretch resistance

Located in tendons (attach muscle to bone) and ligaments (attach bones to each other) ; found also in the dermis of the skin, organ capsule and outer kayer of many blood vessel

A

Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue

50
Q

Matrix composed of collagen fiber and elastic fiber running in somewhat the same direction in elastic ligaments; elastic fibers run in connective tissue of blood vessel walls

Function: Capable of stretching & recoiling like a rubber bond with strength in the direction of fiber orientation

Locatrd in the elastic ligaments between vertebrae and along yhe dorsal aspect of the neck and in the vocal cords; also found in elastic connective tissue of blood vessel wall

A

Dense Regular Elastic Connective Tissue

51
Q

Supporting connective tissue
Provides support but if bent or slightly compressed it resumes its original shape

A

Cartilage

52
Q

3 Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fubrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

53
Q

Collagen fibers are small and evenly dispersed in matrix, making the matrix appear transparent; chondrocytes are found on spaces or locunae within the firm but flexible matrix

Function: Allow growth of long bones provides rigidly with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs and nose forms strong yet smooth yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces forms the embryonic skeleton

Located in growing long bones, cartilage ring of the respiratory system, costal cartilage of the ribs, nasal cartitage, articulating surface of bones and the embryonic skeleton

A

Hyaline Cartilage

54
Q

Colaggen fiber simislar to those in hyaline cartilage; the fibers are more numerous than in other catilage and are arranged in thick bundles

Function: Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure, connects structure subject to great pressure

Located in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and articular disks (knees and temporomandibular (jaw) joint)

A

Fibrocartilage

55
Q

Similar to hyaline cartilage but matrix also caontain elastin fibers

Function: Provides rigidly with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage beacuse eleastic fiber returns to their original shape after being stretched

Located in external ears, epiglottis a d cuditory tubes

A

Elastic Cartilage

56
Q

Hard, bony matrix predominates, may osyeocytes located within locunce; matrux is organized into layers called lamallae

Function: provides great strength and support and protects internal organs such as the brain, provides attachement site for muscle and ligaments ; the joints of bones allow movement

Located in all bones of the body

A

Bone

57
Q

Blood cell and the fluid matrix

Function: transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products and other substances: protects the body from infections and involve in temperature regulation

Located within blood vessel, white blood cell, frequently leave the blood vessel and enter the interstitial spaces

A

Blood

58
Q

Specialized for contraction having properties of extensibility, elasticity, and contractility. It is highly vascularized and innervated

A

Muscle/Muscular Tissue

59
Q

Package by connective tissue sheets into skeletal muscles which are attached to the skeleton and pull on bones or skin
Voluntarily (consciously) controlled
Produces gross body movements or facial expressions

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

60
Q

Characteristic of Skeletal Muscle Cells

A

Striations (Stripes)
Multinucleate (more than one nucleus)
Long, Cylindrical shape

61
Q

3 Types of Muscle Tissue and Cell

A

Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

62
Q

Function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts: Irritability and Conductability

Which composed of neurons and nerve support cell

A

Nervous Tissue

63
Q

Two Types of Principal Cell in Nervous Tissue

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

64
Q

Support cell in nervous tissue

A

Neuroglia

65
Q

Insulate, protect and support in nervous tissue

A

Neurons

Human Physiology And Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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