Tissue Flashcards
Group of cell with similar structure and function
Tissue
Study of tissue
histology
A physician who study cell and tissue
Pathologist
Protein structures that physically connect cells to one another
Cell Junction
It binds adjacent cell together
Ex. Intestine
Tight Junction
Mechanical links that bind cell
Desmosomes (cadherins)
Help epithelial surfaces resist separation during contractile activities
Adherens (cadherins)
It bind cell to the basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes (integrins)
Small channel that allow molecule to pass between cell
Allow cell to communicate
Most common
Gap Junction (connexins)
Types of Tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue
Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; also forms glands
Allow the body to interact with both its internal and externak environment
Epithelial Tissue
Hallmarks of epithelial tissue
-Cover and line body surface
-Often form sheet w/ one free surface
-Avascular (no blood supply)
-Regenerate easily if well nourished
Arrangement of layers
- Simple
- Pseudostratified
- Stratified
A single layer that is orderly arrange
Simple
A single layer that is elongated
Pseudostratified
More that 2 layer of cell that not all are connected or lies on the basement membrane
Stratified
Cell Shape
- Squamos
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Transitional
It is cell shape that is flat or scalelike
Rapid passage of substances
squamous
It is a cell shape that is cube-shaped or like ano tinapay na nakadikit dikit parang abs
May have microvilli
For secretion and absorption
cuboidal
It is a cell shape that is elongated, tall and thin rather than wide
Secretion and absorption and protect underlying tissue
Columnar
It changes shape from squamos to cuboidal and back, as organs like urinary bladder stretch (distend) to a larger size then collapse to a smaller size
Transitional Cell
Single layer flat cell that resembled a tiled floor, centrally located nucleus that is flattened and oval or spherical in shape
Located at endothelium and mesothelium
Present at site of filtration (blood&kidney) or diffusion (diffusion of oxygen into blood vessel of lung), site of excretion in serous membrane. Not found in body areas subject to mechanical stress (tear &
Simple Squamos Epithelium
Cardiovascular and lymphatic system (heart, blood vessel, lymphatic vessel)
Endothelium
Layer of serous membrane
Mesothelium
Single layer of tall, narrow cell, which some have cilia
Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cell
Located at Glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, outditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, gallbladder, small intestines, and ventricles of the brain
Simple Columnar Epithelium
This epithelial type is relatively rare, and is found in sweat gland ducts, and ovarian follicular cell, and salivary glands
For absorption, secretion, and protection
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
consistas of more than one layer of epithelial cell but only the surface cell are columnar
Stratified columnar epithelium
Stratified cell that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamos when it is by fluid
Accomodated fluctuations in the volume of liquid in organ or a tube, protect agains the caustic effect of urines
Lining of urinary bladder, ureter, superior urethea
Transitional Epithelium
Two major gland types develop from epithelial sheet
Endocrine Glands
Exocrine Glands
Ducless; secretion (hormones) diffuse into blood vessel
Ex: Thyroid, adrenals, pituitary
Endocrine Glands
Secretion empty through ducts to the epithelial surface. Includes sweat and oil glands, liver, pancreas (both internal and external)
Exocrine Glands
Usually characterized by large amounts of extracellular material that separates cell from one another
Function: Support, binding, protection
Connective Tissue
Characteristic of Connective Tissue
Variation in blood supply
- some tissue are well vascularized
- some have poor blood supply or avascular
Extracellular Matrix
- nonliving material that surrounds living cells
Types of Protein Fibers
Collagen Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Resembles microscopic ropes, are flexible but resist stretching
Collagen Fibers
Are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form supporting network
Reticular Fibers
Have structure similar to that of coiled metal bed springs; after being stretched, they can coil to their original shape
Elastic Fibers
3 Types of Adult Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper
Supporting Connective Tissue
Fluid Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper
Looses and dense
Supporting Connective Tissue
Cartilage and Bone
Fluid Conenctive Tissue
Blood
Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy netword with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid
Loose Connective Tissue
3 Subdivision of Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Fine network of fibers (mostly collagen, some are elastic) w/ spaces between fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes are located in the spaces
Loose packing, support, nourishment of the structure
Widely distributed throughout the body
Areolar Connective Tissue
Little extracellular matrix surrounding cell; odipocytes or fat cells, are so full of lipids that the cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery of the cell
Function: Packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage and protection of organs against injury from being bumped jorred
Predominantly located at subcutaneous areas, mesenteries, renal pelves, around kidneys, attached to the surface of the colon, mammary glands, and in loose connective tissue that penetrates into spaces and crevices
Adipose Connective Tissue
Fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged
Function: Provides a superstructive for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues
Located within the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Reticular Connective Tissue
It has relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all the extracellular space
Dense Connective Tissue
2 Major Subcategories of Dense Connective Tissue
Collagenous and Elastic
Matrix composed of collagen fibers running in somewhat the same direction in tendons and ligaments, collagen runs in several direction in the dermis of the skin and in organ capsules
Function: Withstand great pulling forces exerted in the directionon the fiber orientation due to great tensile strength and stretch resistance
Located in tendons (attach muscle to bone) and ligaments (attach bones to each other) ; found also in the dermis of the skin, organ capsule and outer kayer of many blood vessel
Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue
Matrix composed of collagen fiber and elastic fiber running in somewhat the same direction in elastic ligaments; elastic fibers run in connective tissue of blood vessel walls
Function: Capable of stretching & recoiling like a rubber bond with strength in the direction of fiber orientation
Locatrd in the elastic ligaments between vertebrae and along yhe dorsal aspect of the neck and in the vocal cords; also found in elastic connective tissue of blood vessel wall
Dense Regular Elastic Connective Tissue
Supporting connective tissue
Provides support but if bent or slightly compressed it resumes its original shape
Cartilage
3 Types of Cartilage
Hyaline
Fubrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Collagen fibers are small and evenly dispersed in matrix, making the matrix appear transparent; chondrocytes are found on spaces or locunae within the firm but flexible matrix
Function: Allow growth of long bones provides rigidly with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs and nose forms strong yet smooth yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces forms the embryonic skeleton
Located in growing long bones, cartilage ring of the respiratory system, costal cartilage of the ribs, nasal cartitage, articulating surface of bones and the embryonic skeleton
Hyaline Cartilage
Colaggen fiber simislar to those in hyaline cartilage; the fibers are more numerous than in other catilage and are arranged in thick bundles
Function: Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure, connects structure subject to great pressure
Located in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and articular disks (knees and temporomandibular (jaw) joint)
Fibrocartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but matrix also caontain elastin fibers
Function: Provides rigidly with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage beacuse eleastic fiber returns to their original shape after being stretched
Located in external ears, epiglottis a d cuditory tubes
Elastic Cartilage
Hard, bony matrix predominates, may osyeocytes located within locunce; matrux is organized into layers called lamallae
Function: provides great strength and support and protects internal organs such as the brain, provides attachement site for muscle and ligaments ; the joints of bones allow movement
Located in all bones of the body
Bone
Blood cell and the fluid matrix
Function: transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products and other substances: protects the body from infections and involve in temperature regulation
Located within blood vessel, white blood cell, frequently leave the blood vessel and enter the interstitial spaces
Blood
Specialized for contraction having properties of extensibility, elasticity, and contractility. It is highly vascularized and innervated
Muscle/Muscular Tissue
Package by connective tissue sheets into skeletal muscles which are attached to the skeleton and pull on bones or skin
Voluntarily (consciously) controlled
Produces gross body movements or facial expressions
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Characteristic of Skeletal Muscle Cells
Striations (Stripes)
Multinucleate (more than one nucleus)
Long, Cylindrical shape
3 Types of Muscle Tissue and Cell
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts: Irritability and Conductability
Which composed of neurons and nerve support cell
Nervous Tissue
Two Types of Principal Cell in Nervous Tissue
Neurons and Neuroglia
Support cell in nervous tissue
Neuroglia
Insulate, protect and support in nervous tissue
Neurons
