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Human Physiology And Pathophysiology > Physiology Of The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Physiology Of The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology of the Integumentary System

A

Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D Production
Temperature Regulation
Immunity
Excretion

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2
Q

Plays an important role in reducing water loss because its lipids act as the barrier to the diffusion of water

A

Intact Skin

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3
Q

Prevents microorganism and other foreign substances from entering the body.

A

Skin

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4
Q

Protects underlying structures against abrasion

A

Stratified Squamos Epithelium

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5
Q

Absorbs ultraviolet light and protects underlying structures from its damaging effects

A

Melanin

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6
Q

acts as heat insulator

A

Hair on the head

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7
Q

keep sweat out of the eye

A

eyebrows

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8
Q

Protects the eyes from foreign objects

A

Eyelashes

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9
Q

Prevents the entry of dust and other material in ears or nose

A

Hair on the nose and ears

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10
Q

Protects the end of the fingers and toes from damage and can be use in defense

A

Nails

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11
Q

Receptors in the epidermis and dermis can detect:

A

Pain
Heat
Cold
Pressure

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12
Q

Although hair does not
have a nerve supply,
sensory receptors
around the hair follicle
can detect the
movement of hair

A
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13
Q

It is formed when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light

A

Precursor Molecule of Vitamin D

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14
Q

The precursor is carried by the
____ to the ____, where it is
modified, and then to the
____, where the precursor
is modified further to form
____.

A

Blood to the Liver
Kidneys
Active Vitamin D

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15
Q

stimulates the small
intestine to absorb calcium and

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

important because the rate of chemical
reactions within the body can be increased or decreased by changes in body temperate

A

Regulation of Body Temperature

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17
Q

Factors that tend to Raise Body Temperature

A

Exercise
Fever
Increase in Environmental Temperature

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18
Q

Dilate and
enable more blood to flow within the skin, thus transferring heat from deeper tissues to the skin

A

Blood vessel in dermis

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19
Q

Acts as a
barrier that prevents direct
entry of pathogen

A

Immunity

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20
Q

defensins

A

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

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21
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

Cathelicidins and lipids

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22
Q

acts as a biomolecular barrier that disrupts bacterial

A

Glucosylceramides

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23
Q

plays a minor role
in excretion, the removal
of waste products from the
body

A

Integumentary System

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24
Q

Sweat contains small
amounts of waste products,
such as:

A

Urea
Uric Acid
Ammonia

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25
Q

2 Ways of Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)

A

Regeneration
Fibrosis

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26
Q

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cell

A

Regeneration

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27
Q

Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue)

A

Fibrosis

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28
Q

Complete restoration of organ structure and function after an injury

A

Regeneration

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29
Q

Phase of tissue repair in which connective tissues replaces parenchymal tissues

A

Fibrosis

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30
Q

Complete restoration of of the structure of the damaged is possible

A

Restoration

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31
Q

Restores some original structure but can cause structural derangements

A

Fibrosis

32
Q

Restores the function of the tissue

A

Regeneration

33
Q

Leads to loss of function in the tissue

A

Fibrosis

34
Q

Without Scar Formation

A

Regeneration

35
Q

With Scar Formation

A

Fibrosis

36
Q

Events of Tissue Repair

A

Hemostasis
Inflammation Sets the Stage
Granulation Tissue Forms
Regeneration and Fibrosis Affect Permanent Repair

37
Q

body’s natural reaction to an injury that stops bleeding and repairs the damage. This capability is usually for your benefit, conserving blood and preventing infections

A

Hemostasis

38
Q

body’s natural reaction to an injury that stops bleeding and repairs the damage. This capability is usually for your benefit, conserving blood and preventing infections

A

Hemostasis

39
Q

Capillaries become very permeable
Clotting proteins migrate into the area from the bloodstream
A clot walls off the injured area

A

Inflammation Sets the Stage

40
Q

Physical Effects of Inflammation

A

Swelling
Pain
Heat

41
Q

Growth of new capillaries

A

Angiogenesis

42
Q

•Growth of new capillaries (angiogenesis)
•Phagocytes dispose of blood clot
•Mesenchymal cells replaced by fibroblasts
•Rebuild collagen fibers

A

Granulation Tissue Forms

43
Q

Scab Detaches
Whether the scar is visible or invisible depends on the severity of the wound

A

Regeneration and Fibrosis Affect Permanent Repair

44
Q

Tissue that regenerate easily

A

Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes)
Fibrous connective tissues and bone

45
Q

Tissue that regenerate poorly

A

Skeletal muscle

46
Q

Tissue that are replaced largely w/ scar tissue

A

Cardiac Muscle
Nervous Tissue within the Brain and Spinal Cord

47
Q

Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity and radiation
Classified according to its depth

A

Burn

48
Q

Part of stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as from the edges of the burn

A

Partial thickness burns

49
Q

Types of Partial Thickness Burns

A

First-degree burns
Second-degree burns
Third-degree burns

50
Q

Involved only the epidermis
Red and painful
Slight edema or swelling

A

First-degree burn

51
Q

Damage both Epidermis and Dermis
Dermal Damage is minimal - redness, pain, edema blister
When burn goes deep into the dermis - wound appear ref, tan, /white, several months to heal and forms scar

A

Second-degree burn

52
Q

Epidermis and Dermis is completely destroyed
Recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound
Surrounded by areas of first and second degree burns
Usually painless as sensory receptor in epidermis and dermis is destroyed
White, tan, brown, black or deep cherry red

A

Third-degree burn

53
Q

General terms for different integumentary carcinomas

A

Skin cancer

54
Q

Abnormal growth of skin cells

A

Skin Cancer

55
Q

Types of Skin Cancer

A
  1. Basal Cell Carcinoma
  2. Squamos cell carcinoma
  3. Malignant Melanoma
56
Q

Most frequent type, begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis to produce ___

A

Basal Cell carcinoma
Open ulcer

57
Q

surgical removal and rafiation therapy cures this type of cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

58
Q

develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale
Undergo little no cell division, the cell continue to divide as they produce ____
Nodular, keratinized tumor confined to the epidermis

A

Squamos Cell Carcinoma
Keratin

59
Q

Rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually in preexisting mole
Metastasis is common and unless diagnose and treated early in development this cancer

A

Malignant Melanoma

60
Q

Aggregation or “nest” of melanocytes

A

Mole

61
Q

appears as flat, large, spreading lesion or as deeply pigmented nodule

A

Melanoma

62
Q

How to avoid any form of cancer?

A

Limiting exposure to sun
Use of sun protection to block UV light

63
Q

Classified into two types based on their wavelength

A

Ultraviolet Light

64
Q

Types of Ultraviolet Light

A

UVA
UVB

65
Q

Longer wavelength

A

UVA

66
Q

Shorted wavelength

A

UVB

67
Q

Exposure to this causes more tanning of the skin but is associated with development of malignant melanoma

A

UVA

68
Q

Exposure to this causes most burning of the skin and is associated with the development of sunburn, tanning, sun spot and blistering which also can lead to skin cancer

A

UVB

69
Q

As the body ages the skin is?

A

more easily damaged

70
Q

Aging affects

A

Skin Infection are more likely
Repair of skin occurs more slowly

71
Q

Decrease in the activity of elastic fibers in the dermis and loss of adipose tissue from subcutaneous tissue cause skin to

A

Sag and Wrinkle

72
Q

Decrease in the activity of sweat glands and in the blood supply to the dermis results in

A

Reduced Ability to Regulate Body Temperature

73
Q

As sebaceous gland activity decreases.. The skin

A

Becomes drier

74
Q

caused by increase melanin production

A

freckles

75
Q

Generally, melanocytes decreases as age increases but no. of melanocytes increases in some area is possible to form or produce

A

Age Spot

76
Q

gray and white hair is due to

A

Decrease in or Lack in Melanin Production

Human Physiology And Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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