Timbers and specialist Flashcards
What does FSC stand for?
Forestry Stewardship Council
What is a tangential cut used for?
Furniture
What is a through and through cut used for?
Joinery
What are the advantages of a through and through cut?
Cost effective however low quality and warps easily
What are the advantages of a tangential cut?
Has an appealing grain and wood is less likely to warp and twist
How much moisture does fresh cut timber contain?
50%
How much moisture does outdoor use have?
15-20%
How much moisture does indoor use wood have?
10-15%
How much moisture does central heated wood have?
8-10%
What is seasoning wood?
Reducing the moisture content in wood
What is green timber?
Newly converted timber
What are the common uses of a baulk cut?
Beams in construction of timber framed buildings
What are the uses of a quarter cut?
High quality furniture
What is air seasoning?
A natural method of drying out green timber
What is kiln seasoning?
A relatively quick method of drying out green timber using steam
How long does it take 25mm of timber to be naturally seasoned
Around a year
What is felling?
Cutting down a tree
What is conversion in woods?
The process of sawing a tree trunk into planks
What does MDF stand for?
Medium density fibreboard
What is a hardwood?
Wood that comes form deciduous trees
What are examples of hardwoods?
Ash, Beech, Mahogany, Oak Balsa
What are the properties of Ash?
Tough and flexible with wide grained finishes aswell
What are the common uses of Ash?
Sports equipment and ladders
What are the properties of Beech?
Hard, strong and a close grain
Doesn’t splinter however prone to warping and splitting
What are the common uses of Beech?
Children’s toys, furniture, bench tops and workshop tool handles
What are the properties of Mahogany?
Strong and durable
Available in wide planks
Easy to work with however can have interlocking grain
What are the common uses of Mahogany?
Good quality furniture, paneling and veneers
What are the properties of Oak?
Hard, tough and durable
Can be finished to a high standard
Open grain
What are the common uses of Oak?
Timber framed buildings, high quality furniture and flooring
What are the properties of Balsa?
Strong and durable
Lightweight
Easy to work
What are the common uses of Balsa?
Model making, floats and rafts
What is a softwood?
Woods that come from coniferous trees
What are the examples of softwoods?
Larch, Pine and Spruce
What are the properties of Larch?
Reddish in colour
Striking grain pattern
Tough yet easy to work with
Naturally rot resistant
Resinous yet prone to splitting
What are the common uses of Larch?
Fences, fence posts and decking
What are the properties of Pine?
Straight grained
Light yellow in colour
Soft and easy to work with
Quite knotty
What are the common uses of Pine?
Interior joinery
Furniture
window frames
What are the properties of Spruce?
Creamy white in colour
Easy to work with
Small knots
Lightweight and good resonant properties
What are the common uses of Spruce?
Stringed musical instruments
Bedroom furniture
What are the two categories of manufactured boards?
Laminated and compressed boards
How is a laminated board produced?
By gluing large sheets of veneers together
How is compressed board produced?
By gluing particles, chips or flakes together under pressure
What are the advantages of manufactured boards?
.Available in much larger sheets than timber
.They have consistent properties throughout the board
.They are more stable than natural timbers meaning they’re less likely to warp, twist and shrink
.They can be faced with a veneer or laminate to improve their aesthetics
What is a baulk cut used for?
Beams in the construction of timber based buildings
What is a quarter cut used for?
High quality furniture
What is a datum edge?
Where you take all of your measurements from to ensure accurate measurements
What is rough sawn wood?
Timber that has a sawn finish and has just come out of the sawmill
What are the advantages of rough sawn
It is cheaper, stronger and thicker
What is PAR wood?
Wood that has been planned to be smoother
What are the advantages of PAR?
Smoother and more attractive
What is a dowel used for?
For connecting pieces of wood easily
What is an Architrave used for?
To frame rectangular openings in home
What is skirting used for?
Provides a smooth flooring surface and protects water from seeping into gaps between the wall and floor
What is steam bending?
A method of bending wood by steaming it and cooling it
What is laminating (Timbers)?
A method of bending wood by slicing it into veneers and gluing them together
What is kerfing?
Where wood can be bend in a number of even saw cuts (kerfs). Glue is then placed in these kerfs to keep the wood bent into place
Which woods are commonly steam bent?
Popular hardwoods like Ash, beech and oak
Which woods are commonly laminated?
Beech and other hardwoods
Which woods are commonly kerfed?
Poplar, maple and ash
What finishes can you add to wood?
Paint, hard oil wax, wood dye, sanding sealer, varnish and wax
What are the advantages and disadvantages of paint?
Advantages
Change the colour of a material easily
Disadvantages
Time consuming to apply – knots need to be treated, and primer/undercoat need to be applied first.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Hard wax oil?
Advantages
It soaks into the oils so it has protection throughout
Disadvantages
Many layers are needed
Needs to be re-coated periodically
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Wood dye?
Advantages
Enables the colour of the underlying timber to be changed.
Disadvantages
Offers no real protection
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Sanding sealer?
Advantages
Creates a nice smooth finish, creates a longer lasting sealer
Disadvantages
Multiple layers have to be used and dried in between
Time consuming
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Varnish?
Advantages
Offers a high degree of protection.
Disadvantages
Difficult to apply – applied by brush and can take a while to dry so needs to be done in a dust free zone. Only protects the surface of the timber.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Wax?
Advantages
Soft
Disadvantages
Not very hard wearing
