Section 2 specialist technical principles

Question 1

What is the definition of functionality?

Answer 1

The functionality of a product is about it being suited to serve the specific purpose for which it was designed for

Question 2

What is the definition of aesthetic?

Answer 2

Aesthetic is to do with beauty and taste and revolves around the 5 human senses which are all considered to making a product aesthetically pleasing

Question 3

What is the definition of bulk buying?

Answer 3

When materials or products are bought in large quantities

Question 4

What is the advantage of bulk buying?

Answer 4

It tends to be much cheaper as the cost of manufacturing is the same no matter how many products are made

Question 5

Why is it important to factor in the environment when planning a product?

Answer 5

.All products affect the environment just some less than others
.Choosing materials carefully means less waste which means a less damaged environment
.Using biodegradable materials will have less impact on the environment

Question 6

What are the key things needed to be considered before manufacturing and designing a product?

Answer 6

.Functionality
.Aesthetics
.Cost
.Environmental factors
.Social factors
.Availability
.Cultural factors
.Ethical factors

Question 7

What is an ethical factor?

Answer 7

Things that are seen as morally right (the right thing to do)

Question 8

What is a cultural factor?

Answer 8

The values of a specific community or individual that determine they way a person behaves

Question 9

What is tension force?

Answer 9

Pulling forces that cause an object to be stretched or pulled apart like a rope during tug of war

Question 10

What is compression force?

Answer 10

Pushing forces that squeeze an object. An example might be when you stand on a drinks can and squash it

Question 11

What is shear force?

Answer 11

A shear force is a force that acts across a material by acting near to one another but not directly opposite. For example scissors

Question 12

What is a bending force?

Answer 12

Forces that act at an angle to an object and make it bend. For example when you place too many books on a book shelf the shelf may bend

Question 13

What is a torsion force?

Answer 13

Torsion forces are twisting forces that are applied to an object. Like when you twist the screw cap off a bottle

Question 14

How can concrete be enhanced to overcome the poor resistance to tension?

Answer 14

It can be reinforced with steel bars which are embedded in the concrete before it sets

Question 15

What forces are concrete good and poor at resisting?

Answer 15

Good at resisting compression

Bad at resisting tension

Question 16

How can fabrics be stiffened?

Answer 16

By having strips of other materials inserted in them

Question 17

How can timber be stiffened?

Answer 17

In the process of laminating

Question 18

What are the benefits of mining?

Answer 18

It can create employment and income for countries

Question 19

What is mining?

Answer 19

The removal of minerals and metals from the earth

Question 20

What are the drawbacks to mining?

Answer 20

.It contaminates water and threatens communities and indigenous populations
.Deforestation occurs to make space for mining which is bad for the environment

Question 21

What is drilling?

Answer 21

Drilling is the process of extracting liquids and gases from underneath the ground

Question 22

What are the drawbacks of drilling?

Answer 22

.Once oil has been located dangerous chemicals are used to extract it

Question 23

What is the definition of reinforcing?

Answer 23

When two materials are added together to make it stronger

Question 24

What is the definition of webbing?

Answer 24

Webbing is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying width and fibres, often used in place of rope.

Question 25

What is the definition of laminating?

Answer 25

Slicing wood into veneers and gluing those together to make layered wood

Question 26

What is the definition of fabric interfacing?

Answer 26

Adding strips of other materials to fabric by interfacing it

Question 27

What is the definition of folding and bending?

Answer 27

When paper or card is folded, the forces are applied at an angle. This is a bending force on the card.

Question 28

What are the materials involved in farming?

Answer 28

Cattles and crops

Question 29

What are the drawbacks of farming?

Answer 29

Farming uses 70% of the world’s usable water supply which decreases availability. It also destroys wildlife habitats and removes nutrients from the soil

Question 30

What are the materials used in product miles transportation?

Answer 30

Fruit, vegetables farming and more

Question 31

What are the impacts to product miles transportation?

Answer 31

Leads to atmospheric pollution which produces harmful gases

Question 32

What are the key materials that pollute the ocean?

Answer 32

Plastics and oils

Question 33

What are the impacts of ocean pollution?

Answer 33

8 million tonnes of plastics are put in the ocean every year which is harmful to wildlife

Question 34

What are the key materials that pollute the atmosphere?

Answer 34

fossil fuels

Question 35

What are the impacts of atmospheric pollution?

Answer 35

Greenhouse gases are produced like sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. This changes the quality of the air and can cause long term health problems

Question 36

Define the life cycle analysis

Answer 36

the life cycle analysis is the life cycle of a raw material and everything it goes through from the raw form to the end of the products life

Question 37

What are the six Rs that designers must consider when designing products?

Answer 37

Reduce - the amount of energy and materials used in the manufacture of a product Reuse - the product for something else so you don't need to throw it away Recycle - Take the product apart and you can recycle them and make another product Rethink - products and how we use them. Could there be a better way of doing the same job? Refuse - to buy materials that are unsustainable Repair - product rather than throwing them away

Question 38

What is the definition of social footprint?

Answer 38

A measurement of an organisations effect on people and society through labour conditions, workers rights and safety as well as impact on local communities through noise and air pollution and waste disposal

Question 39

What is eutraphication?

Answer 39

Excessive nutrients in a body of water often caused by fertilisers

Question 40

What is the designers responsibility to ensure which guidelines are met to do with safe working conditions?

Answer 40

.Employment should be a choice not forced .Working conditions safe and hygienic .Workers should be paid a living wage .Child labour not used .No discrimination against workers .No inhumane treatment against workers

Question 41

Define the term prototype

Answer 41

A sample, model or release of a product to test specific aspects of the design

Question 42

What is batch production?

Answer 42

When a limited number of the same product is made during a particular period of time

Question 43

What is down time?

Answer 43

When a machine has stopped working and no products are being made. This could be for maintenance because of a fault or the time taken to set the machine for new operation

Question 44

What is one off production?

Answer 44

When just one complete product is produced

Question 45

What is mass production?

Answer 45

Manufacturing large quantities over a long period of time. This typically uses a production line

Question 46

What is continuous production?

Answer 46

Where an item is made continuously for 24 hours. However it is highly automated