Section 2 specialist technical principles Flashcards
What is the definition of functionality?
The functionality of a product is about it being suited to serve the specific purpose for which it was designed for
What is the definition of aesthetic?
Aesthetic is to do with beauty and taste and revolves around the 5 human senses which are all considered to making a product aesthetically pleasing
What is the definition of bulk buying?
When materials or products are bought in large quantities
What is the advantage of bulk buying?
It tends to be much cheaper as the cost of manufacturing is the same no matter how many products are made
Why is it important to factor in the environment when planning a product?
.All products affect the environment just some less than others
.Choosing materials carefully means less waste which means a less damaged environment
.Using biodegradable materials will have less impact on the environment
What are the key things needed to be considered before manufacturing and designing a product?
.Functionality
.Aesthetics
.Cost
.Environmental factors
.Social factors
.Availability
.Cultural factors
.Ethical factors
What is an ethical factor?
Things that are seen as morally right (the right thing to do)
What is a cultural factor?
The values of a specific community or individual that determine they way a person behaves
What is tension force?
Pulling forces that cause an object to be stretched or pulled apart like a rope during tug of war
What is compression force?
Pushing forces that squeeze an object. An example might be when you stand on a drinks can and squash it
What is shear force?
A shear force is a force that acts across a material by acting near to one another but not directly opposite. For example scissors
What is a bending force?
Forces that act at an angle to an object and make it bend. For example when you place too many books on a book shelf the shelf may bend
What is a torsion force?
Torsion forces are twisting forces that are applied to an object. Like when you twist the screw cap off a bottle
How can concrete be enhanced to overcome the poor resistance to tension?
It can be reinforced with steel bars which are embedded in the concrete before it sets
What forces are concrete good and poor at resisting?
Good at resisting compression
Bad at resisting tension
How can fabrics be stiffened?
By having strips of other materials inserted in them
How can timber be stiffened?
In the process of laminating
What are the benefits of mining?
It can create employment and income for countries
What is mining?
The removal of minerals and metals from the earth
What are the drawbacks to mining?
.It contaminates water and threatens communities and indigenous populations
.Deforestation occurs to make space for mining which is bad for the environment
What is drilling?
Drilling is the process of extracting liquids and gases from underneath the ground
What are the drawbacks of drilling?
.Once oil has been located dangerous chemicals are used to extract it
What is the definition of reinforcing?
When two materials are added together to make it stronger
What is the definition of webbing?
Webbing is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying width and fibres, often used in place of rope.
What is the definition of laminating?
Slicing wood into veneers and gluing those together to make layered wood
What is the definition of fabric interfacing?
Adding strips of other materials to fabric by interfacing it
What is the definition of folding and bending?
When paper or card is folded, the forces are applied at an angle. This is a bending force on the card.
What are the materials involved in farming?
Cattles and crops
What are the drawbacks of farming?
Farming uses 70% of the world’s usable water supply which decreases availability. It also destroys wildlife habitats and removes nutrients from the soil
What are the materials used in product miles transportation?
Fruit, vegetables farming and more
What are the impacts to product miles transportation?
Leads to atmospheric pollution which produces harmful gases
What are the key materials that pollute the ocean?
Plastics and oils
What are the impacts of ocean pollution?
8 million tonnes of plastics are put in the ocean every year which is harmful to wildlife
What are the key materials that pollute the atmosphere?
fossil fuels
What are the impacts of atmospheric pollution?
Greenhouse gases are produced like sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. This changes the quality of the air and can cause long term health problems
Define the life cycle analysis
the life cycle analysis is the life cycle of a raw material and everything it goes through from the raw form to the end of the products life
What are the six Rs that designers must consider when designing products?
Reduce - the amount of energy and materials used in the manufacture of a product
Reuse - the product for something else so you don’t need to throw it away
Recycle - Take the product apart and you can recycle them and make another product
Rethink - products and how we use them. Could there be a better way of doing the same job?
Refuse - to buy materials that are unsustainable
Repair - product rather than throwing them away
What is the definition of social footprint?
A measurement of an organisations effect on people and society through labour conditions, workers rights and safety as well as impact on local communities through noise and air pollution and waste disposal
What is eutraphication?
Excessive nutrients in a body of water often caused by fertilisers
What is the designers responsibility to ensure which guidelines are met to do with safe working conditions?
.Employment should be a choice not forced
.Working conditions safe and hygienic
.Workers should be paid a living wage
.Child labour not used
.No discrimination against workers
.No inhumane treatment against workers
Define the term prototype
A sample, model or release of a product to test specific aspects of the design
What is batch production?
When a limited number of the same product is made during a particular period of time
What is down time?
When a machine has stopped working and no products are being made. This could be for maintenance because of a fault or the time taken to set the machine for new operation
What is one off production?
When just one complete product is produced
What is mass production?
Manufacturing large quantities over a long period of time. This typically uses a production line
What is continuous production?
Where an item is made continuously for 24 hours. However it is highly automated
