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DT > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors that should influence which material you select for a product?

A

-Functionality
-Availability
-Aesthetics
-Cost of materials
-Environmental factors
-Social factors
-Ethical factors
-Cultural factors

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2
Q

What are some environmental factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-Choosing recyclable materials
-Choosing biodegradable materials
-Choosing renewable materials
-Choosing materials that can be re-used
-Choosing sustainable materials

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3
Q

What are some functionality factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-Making sure the material is strong enough
-Making sure it is easy to work with
(How the product will be used and the demands that will be made on the material)

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4
Q

What are some aesthetic factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-Colour
-Surface finishing
-Texture
-Making sure the aesthetics appeal to your desired audience

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5
Q

What are some cost factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-How much you’re going to sell the product for
-The amount of each material you’ll use
-How many products you’re making

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6
Q

What are some social factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-Using Fairtrade materials
-Using recycled materials
-Making sure you act in a way that benefits society
-Not using too much land

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7
Q

What are some ethical factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-Animal products may be seen as unethical so synthetic fibres could be seen as an alternative
-Logos like the FSC show a product has come from a responsibly managed forest

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8
Q

Why are widely available materials ideal?

A

-Quicker and easier to get your hands on
-Less expensive
-Less available materials may need to be delivered from far away which adds cost and waiting time

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9
Q

What are some cultural factors that should influence the choice of material?

A

-Make sure you take into account the views and feelings from that culture if you’re targeting a specific audience
-For example black is seen as bad luck in China

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10
Q

What is stress?

A

-Force per unit area measured in N/m squared

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11
Q

What is tension force?

A

-Forces that stretch an object and pull it apart
-Like a tug of war rope

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12
Q

What is compression force?

A

-Forces that are directed towards one another which squash and shorten objects
-For example bridge supports and chair legs

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13
Q

What is shear force?

A

-When forces act in opposite directions but they aren’t aligned
-This causes objects to slide past each other
-For example scissors or guillotines (industrial cutting machines)

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14
Q

What is torsion force?

A

-Torsion acts to twisting objects
-The forces attempt to rotate different parts of a material in opposite directions
-For example propeller shafts which spin and drive ships forwards

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15
Q

Why do some materials need to be reinforced?

A

To resist different types of forces

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16
Q

What are the different ways in which you can reinforce an object?

A

-Laminating
-Interfacing
-Webbing
-Bending
-Folding

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17
Q

What is laminating?

A

-A process in which one or more layers are added to a material to form a composite
-Used to increase strength and rigidity
-For example plywood is made from layers of wood that are glued together

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18
Q

What are interfacings?

A

-Extra layers of fabric stuck or sewn onto the inside of products
-Used in collars, pockets and cuffs

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19
Q

What is webbing?

A

-A fabric that is woven in a way that gives a high tensile strength
-Used in tow ropes, climbing harnesses and seatbelts to overcome the tension force

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20
Q

What is bending (reinforcing)?

A

-Used to reinforce and stiffen materials
-For example the middle fluted layer of corrugated card is made up of a series of bends to add strength and rigidity
-Important for packaging heavy loads

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21
Q

What is folding (reinforcing)?

A

-The bending of a flexible materials so that 2 sides of the bend are flat against each other
-A line called a crease or fold occurs between them
-Along a fold a material is more flexible

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22
Q

What is one off production?

A

When just one complete product is produced

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23
Q

What is batch production?

A

When a limited number of the same product is made during a particular period of time

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24
Q

What is down time?

A

When a machine has stopped working and no products are being made. This could be due to maintenance or the fact the machine has developed a fault

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25
Q

What is mass production?

A

Manufacturing large quantities over a long period of time. This uses a production line

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26
Q

What is continuous production?

A

Runs constantly and is highly automated

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27
Q

Facts about one off production?

A

-The workforce is highly skilled
-Expensive way to make things
-Labour intensive and takes alot of time to make a product
-For example making wedding dresses

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28
Q

Facts about batch production?

A

-Machinery and workforce used needs to be flexible
-Down time wastes money as you’re not making anything you can sell
-Templates, jigs and moulds are often used to make sure products are identical
-Used to make chairs

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29
Q

Facts about mass production?

A

-Often uses expensive specialised equipment and CAM/CAD
-Workers are low skilled
-Robots are increasingly used in assembly lines
-Used to make newspapers, magazines and cars

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30
Q

Facts about continuous production?

A

-Runs 24 hours a day with no interruption
-As it wold be too expensive to keep stopping and restarting the process
-Pretty much entirely automated
-Very few workers are needed
-Cost per item is cheap
-Used for aluminium foil

31
Q

Where do softwoods come from?

A

-Cool northern parts of Europe
-Canada
-Russia

32
Q

Where do hardwoods come from?

A

-Central Europe
-West Africa
-Central and South America

33
Q

What is the Forest stewardship council?

A

A non governmental organisation dedicated to promoting responsible management of the world’s forests and ensure trees are replanted once cut down

34
Q

What is a baulk cut on timbers?

A

-The simplest form of conversion
-The trunk is cut into a square or rectangular section
-This removes bark and evens up the trunk

35
Q

What are the uses of baulk cut timber?

A

Beams in construction of timber based buildings

36
Q

What is a through and through cut on timbers?

A

-The most popular form of conversion
-Involves sawing the trunk into planks
-Cost effective however can lead to warping and twisting
-Used mainly in softwoods

37
Q

What are the uses of a through and through cut?

A

Many areas of general joinery

38
Q

What is a tangential cut?

A

-The trunk is cut tangentially to the circular trunk
-This produces an attractive grain pattern and the wood is less likely to warp
-Used for both softwoods and hardwoods

39
Q

What are the uses of a tangential cut?

A

-Furniture

40
Q

What is a quarter cut?

A

-Complex method of conversion
-Produces a lot of waste
-Expensive
-Bad for the environment
-Trunk is cut radially from the centre
-Used mainly for expensive hardwoods

41
Q

What are the uses of a quarter cut?

A

-High quality furniture

42
Q

Define felling

A

The process of cutting a tree down

43
Q

Define the FSC

A

Forest stewardship council

44
Q

Define conversion

A

The process of sawing a tree trunk into planks

45
Q

What are the 4 methods of conversion?

A

-Baulk cut
-Through and through cut
-Tangential cut
-Quarter cut

46
Q

Define green timber

A

Wood that has not been seasoned

47
Q

Define air seasoning

A

A natural method of drying out green timber

48
Q

Define kiln seasoning

A

A relatively quick method of drying out green timber using steam

49
Q

Why do you need to season timbers?

A

-As high moisture content makes timber harder to work with
-Therefore we need to remove that moisture as otherwise it will warp, twist and split

50
Q

How long does it take to air season a 25mm thick plank of wood?

A

1 year

51
Q

What are the different types of saw?

A

-Rip saw - Used for cutting wood along the grain
-Tenon saw - For making straight cuts in small pieces of wood
-Hacksaw - For metals and plastics
-Coping saw - For cutting curves in wood or plastic

52
Q

What are chisels used for?

A

-To cut away and shape wood and metal

53
Q

How would you use a wood chisel?

A

You hit them with a mallet

54
Q

What are gougers used for?

A

-Sculpting

55
Q

Which chisel would you use for metals?

A

-Cold chisel and you would hit it with a hammer

56
Q

What is the function of a plane?

A

-Used for shaving off thin layers of material
-Used on wood

57
Q

What are the two types of file?

A

Rough cuts - Removal of material
Smooth cuts - Finishing (final smoothing)

58
Q

What is the use of a bradawl?

A

-To press it into a material
-It will create a small dent
-Making it easier to drill as it stops the drill bit from slipping
-They can ONLY be used of wood and plastic

59
Q

What are twist bits on drills?

A

-Used to drill small holes in wood, metal or plastic

60
Q

What are flat bits on drills?

A

-Used on wood and plastics to drill large, flat bottomed holes
-Forstner bits make similar holes but can only be used in machine drills - they have a greater accuracy

61
Q

What is a countersink bit on drills?

A

-They’re used to make holes for countersunk screw heads to fit in

62
Q

What are hole saws on drills?

A

-Like round saws
-Used to make big holes in thin material

63
Q

Define marking out

A

The process of applying a drawing on to a material

64
Q

Define face side/face edge (Datum edge)

A

The surface of a piece of wood that is known to be straight and true

65
Q

Define template

A

A 2D shape that aids cutting out a shape

66
Q

Define Jig

A

A 3D device that aids a production process

67
Q

Define dimensional tolerance

A

The difference between maximum and minimum acceptable size

68
Q

Define moisture content

A

The amount of moisture in a timber

69
Q

Define laminating

A

A method of bending wood by slicing wood into thin veneers and gluing back together

70
Q

Define steam bending

A

A method of bending wood by steaming, bending and cooling

71
Q

Define wood turning

A

A method of making a wood blank round

72
Q

Define quality control

A

Checks put in place to see if the product meets the given standards

73
Q

What is kerfing?

A

-The process of bending wood by creating saw cuts called kerfs on to one side of wood
-This allows the wood to be bent into a simple curve

DT (6 decks)

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