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AREA 1_ Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization > TILLAGE EQUIPMENT > Flashcards

TILLAGE EQUIPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Any physical soil manipulation which changes the structure of the soil, kills
weeds, and rearranges dead plant materials.

A

Tillage

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2
Q

Objectives of tillage:

A

To develop a desirable soil structure for a seedbed.
To control weeds, cut roots and bury green materials.
To incorporate manure and chemical fertilizer.

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3
Q

a. higher water infiltration rate.
b. decreased water surface runoff.
c. greater water holding capacity.
d. promote root penetration.

A

Tillage or objectives of tillage

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4
Q

For wetland conditions:
4. To turn the soil into a soft “puddle”.
5. To form a hard layer which reduces water leaching.

A

tillage

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5
Q

3 classifications of tillage

A

Primary tillage
Secondary tillage
General-purpose tillage

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6
Q

initial cutting, breaking and usually inversion of the soil

A

Primary tillage

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7
Q

Implements used are moldboard, disc and chisel plows and subsoilers cutting the
soil to a depth of 6” to 36”

A

Primary tillage

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8
Q

Often referred to as plowing.

A

Primary tillage

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9
Q

subsequent breaking, pulverization and leveling of the soil
making it ready for planting.

A

Secondary tillage

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10
Q

Implements used are disc, spike-tooth and spring-tooth harrows preparing the soil to a depth of 3” to 6”.

A

Secondary tillage

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11
Q

Often referred to as
harrowing.

A

Secondary tillage

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12
Q

Combined primary and secondary tillage in one
operation.

A

General-purpose tillage

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13
Q

Implements used are the rotavators and floating tillers cutting the soil
to a depth of up to 6”.

A

General-purpose tillage

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14
Q

Often referred to as rotavating.

A

General-purpose tillage

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15
Q

Terms used in plowing:
unplowed soil.

A

Land

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16
Q

Terms used in plowing:
soil cut, lifted, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom.

A

Furrowslice

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17
Q

Terms used in plowing:
trench or canal left by the furrowslice.

A

Furrow

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18
Q

Terms used in plowing :
raised ridged when two furrowslices overlap each other

A

Backfurrow

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19
Q

Terms used in plowing:
trench left equal to two furrows when furrowslices are thrown on
opposite sides.

A

Deadfurrow

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20
Q

Terms used in plowing:
unbroken side of the furrow.

A

Furrow wall

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21
Q

Primary Tillage Equipment are classified into two:

A

Moldboard plow and Disc plow

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22
Q

one of the oldest and most important agricultural equipment
for land preparation.

A

Moldboard plow

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23
Q

It cuts the soil to a depth of 6” to 18 “.

A

Moldboard plow

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24
Q

Basic parts of moldboard plow bottom: provides the cutting edge of the plow bottom.

A

Share

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25
Q

Basic parts of moldboard plow bottom: receives the furrowslice from the share; lifts,
inverts and throws it to one side of the plow bottom.

A

Moldboard

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26
Q

Basic parts of moldboard plow bottom: counteracts the side pressure exerted by the
furrowslice on the plow bottom.

A

Landside

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27
Q

Clearances of the moldboard plow bottom: bend downward of the point of the share to
make the plow penetrate the soil to the proper depth.

A

Vertical clearance

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28
Q

Clearances of the moldboard plow bottom: bend outward or sideward of the point of
the share towards the unplowed land to make the plow cut the
proper width.

A

Horizontal clearance

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29
Q

perpendicular distance between
the wing and the point of the share. This also expresses the width of cut
of the plow bottom.

A

Size of the moldboard plow bottom

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30
Q

– it was developed in an effort to reduce friction in the sliding
moldboard plow bottom by using a rotating disc plow bottom.

A

Disc plow

31
Q

Basic parts of disc plow bottom:
curved plate placed on the concave side of the disc to
scrape off the soil and throw it on one side of the plow bottom.

A

Scraper

31
Q

Basic parts of disc plow bottom:
round and concave disc of heat-hardened steel with
sharpened edges to cut the soil. It is rotated by the soil during
soil cutting.

A

Disc

32
Q

– rear wheel that presses against the furrow
wall to resist the side pressure exerted by the soil against the
plow.

A

Rear furrow wheel

33
Q

Angles of the disc plow:
angle the disc makes with the vertical to make the
disc penetrate the soil to the proper depth (15 – 25 degrees).

A

Tilt angle

34
Q

angle the disc makes with the direction of travel to
make the disc cut the proper width and allow the disc to rotate
(42 – 45 degrees).

A

Disc angle

35
Q

expressed in terms of diameter of the
disc. The width of cut, however, is influenced by disc diameter, depth of
cut and disc angle.

A

Size of the disc plow bottom

36
Q

determined by the resistance of the soil to tillage operation, the
speed of plowing, sharpness of the cutting edge and over-all adjustment of the
plow.

A

Draft of Plows

37
Q

resistance of the soil is expressed as

A

specific draft.

38
Q

Specific Draft: Sandy soil

A

3 Lbs/in2 or 0.21 Kg/cm2

39
Q

Specific Draft: Sandy loam

A

3-6 Lbs/in2 or 0.21-0.42 kg/cm2

40
Q

Specific Draft: Silty loam

A

5-7 lbs/in2 or 0.35-0.49 kg/cm2

41
Q

Specific draft of: Clay loam

A

6-8 lbs/in2 or 0.42-0.56 kg/cm2

42
Q

Specific draft of: Heavy clay

A

10-11 lbs/in2 or 0.70-0.77 kg/cm2

43
Q

Specific Draft : Virgin soil, clay

A

12-15 lbs/in2 or 0.85-1.06 kg/cm2

44
Q

Specific Draft : Gumbo, moist

A

16-18 lbs/in2 or 1.13-1.27 kg/cm2

45
Q

Specific draft: Dry adobe

A

18-20 lbs/in2 or 1.27-1.41 kg/cm2

46
Q

Increase in draft due to speed
1 MPH- 1.6 KPH

A

DRAFT: 100%

47
Q

increase in draft due to speed
2 MPH- 3.2 KPH

A

114%

48
Q

increase in draft due to speed
3 MPH- 4.8 KPH

A

128%

49
Q

increase in draft due to speed
4 MPH- 6.4 KPH

A

142%

50
Q

increase in draft due to speed
5 MPH- 8.0 KPH

A

156%

51
Q

increase in draft due to speed
62 MPH- 9.6 KPH

A

170%

52
Q

Formula for field capacity

A

C=SWEff/10
where:
C = Field Capacity, Ha/hr
S = Speed, Kph
W = Width of cut, m
Eff = Field Efficiency, decimal

53
Q

Formula for draft requirement based on soil type

A

Ds=SpecificDraftWd
where:
Ds = Draft, kg
Specific Draft = Kg/cm2
from Table 1
W = width of cut, cm
D = depth of cut, cm

54
Q

Formula for Adjusted draft requirement due to speed of plowing (from Table 2)

A

Da=Ds*value from table 2 (increase in draft due to speed{in decimal})

55
Q

Formula for Draft horsepower requirement:

A

Hp(draft)= Da*S/274
where:
Da = Adjusted Draft, Kg
S = Speed, Kph

56
Q

Formula for Tractor Horsepower:

A

Hp(tractor)= Hp(draft)/0.8

57
Q

3 types of secondary tillage equipment

A

Disc harrow
Spike-tooth harrow
Spring-tooth harrow

58
Q

consists of two or more sets of disc gangs cutting the soil to a
depth of 3” to 6”. A disc gang is made up of a number of discs mounted on a
common axle

A

Disc harrow

59
Q

Basic parts of disc harrow:
round and concave discs

A

Discs

60
Q

Basic parts of disc harrow:
an assembly of discs all rotating together on a
common shaft (3 -13 discs/gang at 6” to 12 “ spacing per disc).

A

Disc gang

61
Q

Basic parts of disc harrow:
a washer on one of the common shaft to absorb the
end thrust of the gang.

A

Bumpers

62
Q

Basic parts of disc harrow:
two to three bearings per gang.

A

Bearings

63
Q

Types of disc harrows that consist of two gangs of discs placed
end-to-end which throws the soil in opposite directions.

A

Single-action disc harrow

64
Q

Types of disc harrows that consist of four gangs of discs. Two gangs in front as in single –action and two gangs at the rear.

A

Double-action disc harrow

65
Q

Types of disc harrows that consists of two gangs of disc. One gang located behind the other and operated in an offset position in
relation to the tractor.

A

Offset disc harrow

66
Q

arrangement to attain maximum stirring and raking of the
soil. The cross bars can be rotated to change the angle of the teeth

A

Spike-tooth harrow

67
Q

consists of long, flat and curved teeth made from spring
steel. The curved teeth are welded to cross bars on a staggered arrangement.
The spring characteristic allows the teeth to flex and slide over obstructions

A

Spring-tooth harrow

68
Q

General-purpose tillage equipment has two types:

A

Rotavators and Floating power tillers

69
Q

constructed with a set of cutting knives or tines mounted on a
horizontal power-driven shaft rotating at high speed. The knives slice thin
sections of the soil and pulverize them by centrifugal force

A

Rotavators

70
Q

are mounted on 2-wheel or 4-wheel tractors and driven by
the tractor PTO.

A

Rotavators

71
Q

are suited for both dry and wet land operations.

A

Rotavators

72
Q

specially designed power tillers for wet land operation
fitted with front-mounted cutting blades on a cagewheel

A

Floating power tiller

73
Q
A

AREA 1_ Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization (8 decks)

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