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AREA 1_ Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization > Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization > Flashcards

Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Flashcards

1
Q

Embracing the manufacture, distribution, utilization and provision of
after-sales service of tools, implements and machines for land
development, agricultural production and primary post-production
processes.

A

Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization

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2
Q

Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization includes the use of three main sources of power:

A

human,
animal and mechanical.

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3
Q

its objectives are to
1. Reduce human effort
2. Improve quality
3. perform operations that cannot be done by other means
4. improve timeliness of operation of various operations

A

Mechanization

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4
Q

the benefits of this are to:
1. increase yields
2. increase quality of product
3. increase overall efficiency

A

mechanization

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5
Q

2 models of mechanization:

A

High land area to farmer ratio and Low land area to farmer ratio

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6
Q

Model of mechanization that isMotivated into increasing the level of mechanization in order to cultivate large
agricultural lands with limited available manpower and take advantage of
favorable agricultural commodity prices.
Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia follow the USA model

A

High land area to farmer ratio

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7
Q

model of mechanization that isMotivated into increasing the level of mechanization in order to increase yields
and cropping intensities to meet the growing demands for food and agricultural
raw materials.
South Korea, China, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and the Philippines follow the Japanese
model.

A

Low land area to farmer ratio

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8
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Tractors, power tillers, irrigation pumps, harvesters and threshers
increased cropping intensities
➢ Irrigation pumps increased yields
➢ Harvester and threshers reduced losses which effectively increased yields

A

Increased cropping intensity and production

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9
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Tractors in land preparation reduced 50% of the labor inputs
➢ However, labor for land preparation in the Philippines comprised mainly
family labor
➢ Freed family labor can look for alternative work opportunities; children
can go to school

A

Increased productivity of labor

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10
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Availability of machines allow the processing of farm products and by-products
➢ Take the case of pineapple and coconut. Rather than just selling the
fruit and nut, they can be processed into different products

A

Full utilization of farm products and by products

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11
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Development of harvesting, threshing and processing machines reduced
harvest and postharvest losses

A

Reduction of losses

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12
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Secondary and tertiary processing open up market potentials and lead to
higher retail prices
➢ Shelled peanut retailers earn P0.50/kg or more
➢ Dried corn can extend the selling period and need not be forced to sell at
a low price

A

Increased value added of farm products

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13
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Machines designed to increase cropping intensities and production will
correspondingly increase labor requirements for production and
postharvest operations
➢ Machines designed to diversify farm products and by products open up
various livelihood opportunities
➢ Use of machines will require the putting up of repair shops in the village
areas

A

Employment and livelihood generation

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14
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Local agricultural machinery manufacturing will minimize the importation
of agricultural machinery

A

Import substitution

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15
Q

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Locally manufactured agricultural machinery can be exported to
countries with similar farming conditions such as the Philippines

A

Export possibilities

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16
Q

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
inter-agency committee which serves as advisory to the Secretary on mechanization concerns

A

Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Committee (AFMeC)

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17
Q

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
in-charge of
post harvest mechanization and corn mechanization

A

Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension (BPRE)

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18
Q

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of rice
mechanization

A

Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

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19
Q

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of
developing small-scale irrigation projects

A

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)

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20
Q

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of developing large-scale irrigation projects

A

National Irrigation Administration (NIA)

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21
Q

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of vegetable mechanization

A

Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)

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22
Q

In-charge of grain storage and
marketing

A

National Food Authority (NFA)

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23
Q

Base of the Agricultural Eng’g
RDE Network

A

Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)

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24
Q

In-charge of
agricultural mechanization concerns in the different regions

A

Regional Agricultural Engineering Group (RAEG)

25
Q

A government sector or higher institution that has AMDP and AMTEC

A

University of the Philippines Los Baňos (UPLB)

26
Q

Research
and extension on agricultural mechanization; Philippine counterpart of
the Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM)

A

Agricultural Mechanization Development Program (AMDP)

27
Q

Testing
and evaluation of agricultural machinery; Development of agricultural
machinery standards

A

Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center(AMTEC)

28
Q

A higher institution that has PhilSCAT

A

Central Luzon State University (CLSU)

29
Q

adaption and promotion of Chinese agricultural machinery for local
conditions

A

Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural Technology (PhilSCAT)

30
Q

A government agency that offers PCARRD

A

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

31
Q

base of the Agricultural Engineering R&D
Team which provides policy direction for agricultural mechanization

A

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research
and Development (PCARRD)

32
Q

base of the Board of Agricultural
Engineering (BOAE) which regulates and promotes the agricultural engineering
profession

A

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

33
Q

A private sector that is national and regional
professional organization of agricultural engineers with similar functions as BOAE

A

Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE)

34
Q

Heart of the agricultural machinery manufacturing, marketing and
after-sales service

A

Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers, Dealers and Distributors Association
(AMMDA)

35
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: stands for the reputation of the manufacturer and a
guarantee of what lies beneath the paint

A

Trade mark

36
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: take note of the quality of materials used and the
manufacturing technology employed in the manufacture of the machine
as this will have a direct bearing on performance and durability

A

Materials

37
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine:
pay attention to placement of controls. Ensure that
controls are accessible and soft to operate. Look for adjustments of
handle bars and seats

A

Ease of operation

38
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine:
a machine requires daily and periodic
maintenance and adjustments. Ensure that points of maintenance and
adjustment are easy to perform. The machine should have an operator’s
manual explaining the procedures.

A

Ease of maintenance

39
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine:
check for safety provisions for both machine and operator. All
rotating parts should be provided with shields. Snap clutches or similar
devices should be installed to protect the machine and prime mover in
case of overload.

A

Safety

40
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: make sure that spare parts and service are available
nearby. Ask for local dealers and for the machine.

A

Source of repair

41
Q

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine:
decide if you will need an engine or electric motor.

A

Power source

42
Q

With the _ engine, first cost is lower but operating cost is
high. W

A

gasoline

43
Q

With the _ engine, first cost is high but operating cost
is low.

A

diesel

44
Q

Measures of machinery investment appraisal that does not take into consideration the change in
value of money over time.

A

Undiscounted measures

45
Q

length of time it takes to recover the
investment or until the net benefits equal the investment cost.

A

Payback period (PBP)

46
Q

The decision rule is to select the alternative with the SHORTEST OR LONGEST
PBP.

A

Shortest

47
Q

level of operation where the
investment neither produces a profit nor incurs a loss.

A

Break-even point (BEP)

48
Q

The
decision rule is to accept the alternative with the LOWEST OR HIGHEST BEP.

A

LOWEST

49
Q

Measures of machinery investment appraisal that the time value of money is taken into
consideration through the process called discounting.

A

Discounted measure

50
Q

is the process of translating future values in present worth
by applying a set of discount factors that reflects the diminishing value
of the same amount of money as one moves further into the future.

A

Discounting

51
Q

ratio of the present worth of the
benefit stream over the present worth of cost stream extending
over a period of time usually the life of the machine.

A

Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)

52
Q

Decision
rule is to accept projects with BCR “≥ 1 or ≥ 0”.

A

≥ 1

53
Q

the difference of the present value of
the benefit stream and the present value of the cost stream
extending over a period of time usually the life of the machine.

A

Net Present Value (NPV)

54
Q

The decision rule is to accept projects with NPV “≥ 0 or ≥ 1”.

A

≥ 0

55
Q

the maximum interest rate the
project can pay for the use of money if the project is to break-even

A

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

56
Q

At this point, the NPV = O and BCR = 1.

A

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

57
Q

The decision
rule is that the IRR of the project should be “lower or higher” than the
prevailing interest rate of the bank.

A

higher

58
Q
A

AREA 1_ Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization (8 decks)

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