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AREA 1_ Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization > CROP PROTECTION EQUIPMENT > Flashcards

CROP PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

– process of providing plants the conditions that will make them free of
weeds, pests and diseases.

A

Crop protection

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2
Q

The _ stage between _ and _ constitutes the longest stay in
the field and the most vulnerable period of the crop.

A

growing, planting, flowering

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3
Q

Methods of pest control:
– modification of cultural practices such as time of planting and
crop rotation.

A

Cultural control

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4
Q

Methods of pest control:
change in the environment of the crop and the pest which
favors the survival of the crop such as flooding to kill insects and weeds

A

Ecological control

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5
Q

Methods of pest control:
introduction of certain insects which feed on pests,
application of chemosterilants to render the male sterile, or planting of certain
plants whose odor drive pests away.

A

Biological control

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6
Q

Methods of pest control:
breeding and planting of pest resistant varieties

A

Physiological control

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7
Q

Methods of pest control:
application of chemicals to control weeds, pests and diseases.

A

Chemical control

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8
Q

Methods of pest control:
use of flame for the selective burning of weeds in crops whose
stem is not injured by a short exposure to intense heat.

A

Flame control

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9
Q

Methods of pest control:
use of tools, implements and machines to reduce or
eliminate weeds and insects such as in land preparation, cultivation and weeding

A

Mechanical control

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10
Q

Classification of weeders:

A

A. By design of soil working part:
B. By power source:

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11
Q

rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal shapes with cutting
edges sharpened and hardened for soil cutting and weed uprooting.

A

Blade type

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12
Q

straight or curved, round or square cross-section steel rods
sharply pointed and hardened at the soil working end.

A

Tine type

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13
Q

curved spikes or paddles attached radially to a common
axle which rotate when pushed forward to uproot and bury weeds.

A

Rotary type

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14
Q

hand-held or push-type weeders for upland or
lowland.

A

Manual weeders

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15
Q

utilize the blade and tine type of soil
working parts with short (< 0.5 m), medium (< 1 m) and long
(> 1 m) handles.

A

Hand-held weeders

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16
Q

utilize any of the three types of soil
working parts for upland (wheel hoe) and lowland (rotary
weeder) weeding.

A

Push-type weeders

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17
Q

soil working parts are mounted on a frame or
tool bar pulled by an animal for upland weeding.

A

Animal-drawn weeders

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18
Q

soil working parts are mounted on a frame or
tool bar pulled by a two-wheel or four-wheel tractor for upland weeding.

A

Tractor-drawn weeders

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19
Q

rotary type weeder driven by its own engine for
lowland weeding.

A

Power weeders

20
Q

Most popular way of applying chemicals in the Philippines is with the use of

A

knapsack
sprayers

21
Q

Functions of a sprayer:

A
  1. Break the liquid into droplets of effective size
  2. Distribute the spray solution uniformly
  3. Regulate the spraying rate
22
Q

Basic components of a sprayer:
Chemical supply

A

Tank

23
Q

Basic components of a sprayer:
Energy source

A

Pump and pressure chamber

24
Q

Basic components of a sprayer:
Atomizer

A

Nozzles

25
Q

Basic components of a sprayer:
Control device

A

Cut-off valve

26
Q

Basic components of a sprayer:
Conductors

A

Flexible hose and rigid lance

27
Q

Principles of creating hydraulic energy: Pressure is created by adding liquid to a chamber with fixed volume of air (Ex. _
sprayer)

A

Knapsack

28
Q

Principles of creating hydraulic energy:
Pressure is created by adding air to a container with a fixed volume of liquid (Ex. _ sprayer

A

Compression

28
Q

Performance is dependent on hydraulic energy as follows:
1. The higher the pressure, the “smaller or larger” the droplets

A

smaller

29
Q

Performance is dependent on hydraulic energy as follows:
The higher the pressure, the “lower or higher” the flow rate

A

higher

30
Q

Performance is dependent on hydraulic energy as follows:
The higher the pressure, the “closer or wider” the spray angle

A

wider

31
Q

Type of nozzles that produces a cone shaped pattern of spray which could be
hollow or solid cone.

A

Cone type

32
Q

Best suited for spraying crops because it produces a spray in
which droplets approach the leaves from several angles.

A

Cone type

33
Q

The pressure is high and then orifice is small.

A

Cone type

34
Q

type of nozzle that produces a flat pattern.

A

Fan type

35
Q

Best suited for spraying flat surfaces as in the application of
herbicides.

A

Fan type

36
Q

The pressure is low and the orifice is large.

A

Fan type

37
Q

Formula for Area per minute

A

A= W* S
where:
A=area per minute (m2/min)
W=Effective width or swath (m)
S= Walking speed (m/min)

38
Q

Formula for Time per hectare

A

T= 10000 m2/ha over A
where: T=time per hectare (m2/ha)
A= area per minute (m2/min)

39
Q

Formula for application rate

A

Q=q*T
where:
Q=application rate (l/min)
q=discharge rate (l/min)
T=time per hectare (min/ha)

40
Q

Formula for time per load

A

T1= Sprayer capacity (liters/load) over discharge rate (l/min)

41
Q

Formula for Area per load:

A

A1= WST1
where:
W=effectivie width or swath
S=walking speed
T1=time per load

42
Q

Formula for amount of insecticide per load

A

Il=Insecticide application rate (l/ha) over 10000m2/ha

43
Q

Formula for number of loadings:

A

NL (loads/ha) =10000m2/ha over area per load

44
Q

Formula for total volume:

A

Vt=Total volume= number of loadings * sprayer capacity per load (l/load)

AREA 1_ Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization (8 decks)

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