TIG053 Acting With Speech - Searle

Question 1

Representatives/Assertives

Answer 1

Commit the speaker to the truth expressed in the proposition.

Convey information or make statements about the world.

Assertives: Broader. Assert/state propositions.
Ex. “It is raining outside”

Representatives: Specific subset. Representing or reporting on the speaker’s beliefs, perceptions, or attitudes regarding a particular state of affairs.
Ex. “I believe it is raining outside”

Question 2

Directives

Answer 2

Attempt by the speaker to get the adressee(s) to do something.

Ex. Requesting, questioning, commands

Ex. “Please close the door”, “Pass me the salt”

Question 3

Commissives

Answer 3

Commit the speaker to a future course of action.

Ex. Promising, threatening, vows, pledges

Ex. “I will be there at 8 PM”

Question 4

Expressives

Answer 4

Express a psychological state.

Ex. Thanking, apologising, congratulations, condolences

Ex. “I’m sorry for your loss”

Question 5

Declarations

Answer 5

Affect an institutional state-of-affairs

Ex. Firing from employment, declaring war