tides and crap

Question 1

name physical stressors (tides)

Answer 1

• duration of exposure to air
• desiccation, time of day exposure
• temperature (exceed lethal limits? too hot/cold?)
• wave action
• substrate, slope of beach, spray, scouring
• salinity
• exposed to rains/freshwater runoff
• tidepool

Question 2

tidal bore

Answer 2

large wave that moves up a river or inlet

Question 3

whirlpool

Answer 3

tidal currents that frequently change direction

Question 4

what is ‘functional form hypothesis’?

Answer 4

algal morphologies classified ecologically

Question 5

what is an opportunistic species?

Answer 5

rapid growth, low biomass, high reproductive potential. R-SELECTED.

Question 6

what are late successional forms?

Answer 6

slower growth, higher final biomass, reduced reproductive potential. K-SELECTED.

Question 7

what are costs/benefits to opportunistic species?

Answer 7

cost: high mortality of reproductive structures, delicate blades easily torn away, susceptible to grazing.
Benefits: rapid invasion, continuous output of reproductive structures, rapid replacement of tissues, spatial unpredictability.

Question 8

Late successional costs/benefits

Answer 8

costs: low output of reproductive structures, much energy used to produce tough tisssues, spatial limits.
Benefits: high quality of reproductive structures, longevity, resistant to grazing, different life strategies, longevity.

Question 9

give an example of a hearty algae

Answer 9

cyanophyta. its an extremophile

Question 10

epiphytic

Answer 10

growing on plants or algae

Question 11

epilithic

Answer 11

growing on rocks or stone

Question 12

episammic

Answer 12

growing on/in sand, mud, clay substrate

Question 13

Physical factors of intertidal junk

Answer 13

light/temperature, air exposure/salinity, wave exposure/beach type and shape

Question 14

biological factors of intertidal junk

Answer 14

competition for space, crowding leads to ‘shading’, grazing pressure, recruitment

Question 15

how does north/south facing slopes affect growth?

Answer 15

n-facing organisms are found higher than same spp. on a south facing rock.

Question 16

supralittoral fringe: gimme info

Answer 16

high tide or splash zone, most exposed

• bordered by upper limit of barnacles at top
• lower limit of verrucaria band

Question 17

midlittoral zone: knowledge stuff

Answer 17

most of intertidal zone, bordered by upper limit of barnacles at top and upper limit of laminaria at bottom. Includes upper/high intertidal, id intertidal, lower/low intertidal zones.

Question 18

infralittoral (sublittoral) fringe. where/what, etc.

Answer 18

bordered nby upper limit of laminaria or saccharina on most shores. below is subtidal zone, never exposed.

• giant kelp bed
• bull kelp bed
• non-canopy kelps
• understory reds

Question 19

name some algae grazers

Answer 19

molluscs (limpets, snais, chitons, nudibranch, clams, mussels, oysters, scallops)
Echinoderms (sea urchins, sand dollars)
Crustaceans (copepods, isopods, amphipods, crabs)
Fishes (temperate vs tropical, much more in the tropics)

Question 20

boulder size

Answer 20

> 25cm

Question 21

cobble size

Answer 21

6.5-25.5cm

Question 22

coarse gravel (pebble)

Answer 22

0.4-3.2cm

Question 23

sand

Answer 23

0.02cm-62.5µm

Question 24

is there more diversity in the pacific or the atlantic?

Answer 24

More in the pac, less in the atl, b/c of ice age on the east.

Question 25

who are dominant pac grazers?

Answer 25

chitons and limpets

Question 26

who are dominant atl grazers?

Answer 26

snails

Question 27

what species does Ulva inhibit?

Answer 27

mastocarpus

Question 28

what zone is chondrus limited to?

Answer 28

intertidal, b/c of freezing.

Question 29

what are two factors that are very important to sandy beaches

Answer 29

particle size, wave action

Question 30

what zone do you find the most taxa?

Answer 30

fringe zone