Chapter 1 Intro to Algae and Aquatic Plants

Question 1

algae are not one taxon. (family, order ,etc) instead, they are known as what?

Answer 1

an Ecological group, or ‘collection’

Question 2

what is the difference between algae and seaweed?

Answer 2

algae is a general term for all (fw, sw, uni-multicellular) and seaweed is multicellular forms.

Question 3

are seagrasses algae?

Answer 3

nope. true aquatic plants

Question 4

what are the four main characteristics that make up a seaweed?

Answer 4

• lack true vascular tissue
• lack enclosed reproductive structures and flowers
• lack bark and waxy outer covering
• root-like structure not for nutrition absorption, but attachment.

Question 5

Seaweed, def’n

Answer 5

organisms that live in the sea, not true plants but have plant-like features.

Question 6

what are the features that seaweed have the resemble those of plants?

Answer 6

photosynthetic, sedentry, have cell walls

Question 7

algae defined

Answer 7

• heterogeneous assemblage of O2-producing, photosynthetic, non-vascular organisms with unprotected reproductive structures
• includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms
• aquatic (most), also in soil, on snow, rocks and symbiotic species (lichens).

Question 8

name the four taxonomic groups

Answer 8

diatoms, brown, red, green

Question 9

what are the 6 shared features of algae?

Answer 9

• Chlorophyll a
• produce carbohydrates (sugars)
• cell wall
• naked sex cells
• alternation of generations
• thylakoids

Question 10

name a prokaryotic algae

Answer 10

cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Question 11

name seven eukaryotic algae

Answer 11

• diatoms
• golden algae
• dinoflagellates
• coccolithophores
• brown algae
• red algae
• green algae

Question 12

septate vs aseptate morphology

Answer 12

septate (most spp) : adjacent cells have separating cell walls (septum). aseptate don’t

Question 13

name 6 algal morphologies

Answer 13

• multicellular
• crusts
• filamentous
• globular
• cylindrical
• leafy

Question 14

name 4 branching morphologies

Answer 14

• unilateral
• bilateral
• distichous opposite
• distichous alternate

Question 15

mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 15

mitosis: production division
meiosis: reduction division

Question 16

name two asexual reproduction strategies

Answer 16

filaments-fragmentation, cell-fission (split)

Question 17

name 4 possible sites of meiosis in sexual life cycles

Answer 17

• zygotic (n-dominant form)
• sporic (2n and n dominant forms)
• gametic (2n dominant form)
• somatic (2n dominant form) (very rare)

Question 18

haploid phase=

Answer 18

gametophyte

Question 19

diploid phase=

Answer 19

sporophyte

Question 20

isomorphic life cycle

Answer 20

both forms are identical

Question 21

heteromorphic life cycle

Answer 21

both forms are different

Question 22

why are all algae not seaweed, but all seaweed are algae?

Answer 22

b/c seaweed are multicellular, but algae can be both

Question 23

what form is dominant in the following life cycles:

i) gametic
ii) sporotic
iii) vegetative
iv) zygotic
v) somatic

Answer 23

i) gametic = diploid
ii) sporotic = haploid and diploid
iii) vegetative = part haploid part diploid
iv) zygotic = haploid
v) somatic = diploid

Question 24

crustose

Answer 24

soft or hard

Question 25

distichous branching

Answer 25

two-ranked leaf arrangement

Question 26

radial branching

Answer 26

branching in a circular formation

Question 27

filamentous

Answer 27

branched or unbranched

Question 28

stipe

Answer 28

trunk

Question 29

holdfast

Answer 29

sorta like a rooting system, but only functions in stability, and does not penetrate substrate?