Testing Your Knowledge (section 2+3)

Question 1

which algal phylum has all four types of sexual reproductive strategies?

Answer 1

Chlorophyta (green algae)

Question 2

Briefly outline the three theories of algae evolution and indicate which modern algae phyla are associated with each theory?

Answer 2

i) protist engulfed cyanobacteria (2 membranes) = rhodophyta and chlorophyta
ii) protist engulfed chloroplast (1 ER membrane)= euglenophyta and dinophyta
iii) protist engulfed another protist alga( 2 ER membranes) = bacillariophyceae, chrysophyceae, prymnesiophyceae, and phaeophyceae

Question 3

which algal phylum has only multicellular forms?

Answer 3

brown algae

Question 4

what algal phyla contain seaweeds?

Answer 4

brown algae, red algae, green algae

Question 5

which algal phyla contain species of economic importance? what is the economic importance?

Answer 5

brown algae: food, alginic acid, fucans, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics

Question 6

which algal phyla contain harmful species? why are they harmful?

Answer 6

dinoflagellates (red tides, fish killers), diatoms (ASP, HABS)

Question 7

what two types of seagrasses are common on bc’s coast? why are they important?

Answer 7

Zostera marina and Phyllospadix spp.

saltmarsh ecology, animal refuge, erosion prevention. Human: packing, respiratory infections, skin disorders

Question 8

what seaweed genera make up

a) kelp forests
b) kelp beds
c) nori?

Answer 8

a) giant kelp (macrocystis)
b) nerocystis (bull kelp)
c) porifera

Question 9

What algal phylum (or phyla) comprise the majority of marine phytoplankton?

Answer 9

Baccillariophyceae (diatoms)

Question 10

What types of algae are commonly used as indicators of water quality?

Answer 10

Baccillariophyceae (diatoms)

Question 11

give an example of a seaweed species that has a heteromorphic life cycle and and other that has an isomorphic life cycle

Answer 11

heteromorphic: Nereocystis (bull kelp)
isomorphic: Ulva (sea lettuce)

Question 12

list the three basic categories of freshwater macrophytes and give one example for each

Answer 12

emergent: cattail (Typha)
Submerged: pondweed (Potamotogeton)
Floating: duckweed (Lemna)

Question 13

list two common genera of saltmarsh plants in BC

Answer 13

Carex: Lyngby’s sedge
Distichlis: Spike grass

Question 14

list four examples of ‘form follows function’

Answer 14

look for ANSWERS!!!

Question 15

Desmids

Answer 15

fw indicators of non-polluted waters (charophyta).

Question 16

Phenols:

Answer 16

anti-grazing compounds, reduce epiphyte growth, phaeophyceae.

Question 17

Pheromones:

Answer 17

sex hormones

Question 18

Statocyst

Answer 18

statospore: ASK LINDSTROM

Question 19

Fragmentation:

Answer 19

asexual reproduction, by splitting off fragments. (cyanophyta, cholorphyta)

Question 20

Akinete

Answer 20

thick walled spore (resting stage). cyanophyta

Question 21

Lorica

Answer 21

shell-like protective covering

Question 22

Pennate and centric

Answer 22

bilateral (pennate)=fast streams

radial (centric)= fresh water, slower streams

Question 23

Spadix

Answer 23

reproductive structure of seagrasss

Question 24

Receptacle

Answer 24

swollen tip at the end of brances

Question 25

Conceptacles

Answer 25

reproductive organs within the receptacles

Question 26

heterokont

Answer 26

2 flagella of unequal length

Question 27

Haptonema

Answer 27

part of the haptophyta group, flagella used for food capture.

Question 28

Mesokaryotic

Answer 28

permanently condensed chromosomes in the nucleus :dinophyta, euglenophyta

Question 29

Zooxanthellae

Answer 29

aka symbiodinium, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, some live in corals, sea enenomies, and corals.

Question 30

Agar

Answer 30

a gellatinous material found in rhodophyta, can be used as a food thickener

Question 31

Rhodolith

Answer 31

red rock, colorful unattached algae that resemble coral.

Question 32

Auxospore

Answer 32

reproduction in a diatom

Question 33

lacunae

Answer 33

air space in anthrophyta (water plants)

Question 34

epitheca/hypotheca

Answer 34

outer and inner valves or the diatoms

Question 35

phycoerythrin

Answer 35

red pigment

Question 36

geniculate

Answer 36

jointed, rhodophyta

Question 37

which phyla have zygotic sexual reproduction?

Answer 37

Chrysophyceae, Dinophyta, Chlorophyta

Question 38

Which phyta have sporic sexual reproduction?

Answer 38

Haptophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophta, Anthrophyta

Question 39

Which phyla have gametic sexual reproduction?

Answer 39

Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophycea, Chlorophyta

Question 40

Which phyta have somatic reproduction?

Answer 40

Some rhodophyta, chlorophyta

Question 41

which phyta can reproduce asexually?

Answer 41

Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Phrodophyta, Chlrophyta

Question 42

which phyta have no flagella?

Answer 42

cyanophyta, anthrophyta, rhodophyta and female charophyta, female baccillariophycea

Question 43

which phyta have usually only one flagella?

Answer 43

euglena, baccillariophycea males

Question 44

name all the phyta with two flagella

Answer 44

dino, chloro(can have 4), chrysophyceae, phaeophyceae, haptophyta

Question 45

which phyta can have 2 or 4 flagella?

Answer 45

chlorophyta

Question 46

which phytas have no membrane present?

Answer 46

Cyanophyta

Question 47

which phytas have only one ER?

Answer 47

euglenophyta, dinophyta

Question 48

which phytas have 2 ER membranes?

Answer 48

Bacillariophyceae, chrysophyceae, phaeophyceae, haptophyta

Question 49

which phyta have 2 non-ER membranes?

Answer 49

rhodo, chloro, charo, anthro

Question 50

which phyta do not have stacked thylakoids

Answer 50

cyanophyta, rhodophyta

Question 51

which phyta have thylakoids stacked in 2-6?

Answer 51

Chlorophyta