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MAR 270 > Tides > Flashcards

Tides Flashcards

1
Q

What are tides?

A

rise and **fall **of the water around the edge of the land

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2
Q

How are tides generated?

A

gravatational attraction and centrifugal attraction between Earth, Sun and moon

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3
Q

What waves are tides?

A

standing waves

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4
Q

How are standing waves created?

A

progressive wave **directly reflected **back on itself produces a **standing **wave.

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5
Q

Why are standing waves developed?

A

2 waves (original and reflected) are moving at** same speed** but different directions

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6
Q

What is the relationship between wave height and tidal range?

A

they are** equal** to each other

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7
Q

What tide does the crest indicate?

A

high tide

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8
Q

What tide does the trough indicate?

A

Low tide

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9
Q

Why are tides considered shallow waters?

A

wavelength is 1/2 the** circumfrence **of earth but the depth is less than 1/20 the wavelength?

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10
Q

What is flow?

A

When tides come in

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11
Q

What is ebb?

A

When the tide goes out

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12
Q

What is the relationship between the average distance between the moon and Earth?

A

their relationship is constant

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13
Q

How does the relationship in distance of moon and Earth stay constant?

A

Gravity and Inertia

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14
Q

What is gravity?

A

masses are attracted to one another

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15
Q

What is inertia?

A

tendency of **objects **to continue moving in a straight line

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16
Q

What parts of gravitational and centrifugal forces are constant?

A

inertia is constant, but the influence of gravity isn’t

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17
Q

What is the relationship between gravity force and inertia on the moon side?

A

gravity is more than** inertia**

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18
Q

What is the relationship between gravity force and inertia on the sun side?

A

Inertia is more than gravity

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19
Q

What are the assumptions of the equilibrium model?

A
  1. Earth is covered in H20
  2. Tide **waves **are progressive
  3. **Water **is in **equilibrium **with generating forces
20
Q

How long is Lunar orbit?

A

about 27 days

21
Q

What happens when a rotating moon causes a tidal day?

A

the moon moves while Earth rotates

22
Q

How long is a full tidal cycle?

A

24 hours and 50 minutes for full tidal cycle

23
Q

What is a sun tide?

A

Sun** produces** its **own tidal **wave

24
Q

How long does it take for Earth to revolve on its axis with respect to the Sun?

A

about 24 hours

25
Q

How do tides in sun tides produced by the Moon continuously?

A

**eastward **relative **to **the tide wave **produced **by the Sun

26
Q

What is a spring tide?

A

**tides **are **higher **than the moon and is aligned with the sun

27
Q

What are neap tides?

A

tides are **lower **
moon and sun are perpendicular

28
Q

What is the tidal range?

A

the difference height between consecutive high and low waters

29
Q

What is the tidal wave amplitude?

A

1/2 of the tidal range?

30
Q

What is a king tide?

A

the greatest tidal effect of a year.

31
Q

How are king tides created?

A

when the **orbits **and **alignment **of the
Earth, moon, and sun combine

32
Q

What is declination?

A

Angle where the moon or sun orbits are offset from the equator due to elliptical orbital paths and** tilt **of the Earth

33
Q

What determines the number of magnitude of tides?

A

location of Earth due to declination

34
Q

What are tidal patterns?

A

tides behave differently in different places.

35
Q

What is a diurnal tide?

A

1 high water and 1 low water each tidal day

36
Q

What is a semi-dirurnal tide?

A

**two high waters **and **two
low waters **each tidal day.

37
Q

How long is a semi dururnal tidal period?

A

12hours and 25minutes

38
Q

How long is a diurnal tide period?

A

24 hours and 50 minutes

39
Q

What is a mixed semi-diurnal tide?

A

**tides **reach different heights and low tides drop to different levels

40
Q

What influences tidal range?

A

**constructive **and **destructive **wave interference

41
Q

What does tidal theory doesn’t explain?

A

Earth turns eastward faster than tide moves freely
westward.
**Friction displaces tide crest **to the east of expected position
under moon

42
Q

What are standing rotary waves?

A

tide that **results **in standing wave **moving **around central node of a basin

43
Q

What does tidal theory not explain (2)?

A
  • **Continents separate the oceans, the tide wave is
    discontinuous.
  • Wave is contained within the ocean basins and
    oscillates in the basin as a standing wave.
  • Reflected from continents.
  • Refracted by changes in water depth.
  • Diffracted as it passes through gaps/channels.
44
Q

How do tides and currents turn in the North Hemisphere?

A

current:clockwise
tide:counterclockwise

45
Q

How do tides and currents turn in the South Hemisphere?

A

currents: counterclockwise
tide:clockwise

46
Q

What happens during the horizontal component of motion?

A

Because the horizontal time is long (0.5
period) Coriolis becomes important. NH deflected
Right and SH deflected left. Current has clockwise
rotation in NH and counter in SH.

47
Q

Wat is the angle of declination?

A

28.5

MAR 270 (16 decks)

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