Ticks As Parasites Flashcards

Question

A variagatum

Answer 1

``` Bont tick africa Large tick Long mouthparts Deep painful bite can become 2o infected Red weight gain in cattle Tick paralysis Transmission of heartwater nairobi sheep dis and Q fever ```

Answer 2

Bont tick africa | Transmit heartwater in cattle

Answer 3

Lone star tick N america | Transmit Q fever tularaemia and rocky mountain spotted fever

Answer 4

Gulf coast tick N america Damage to ears of cattle Predisposing to screw worm myiasis

Answer 5

S america | Painful bites by long mouthparts

Answer 6

Have eyes No festoons One host tick

Answer 7

Worldwide except eu

Answer 8

America and africa

Answer 9

Africa Babesia vector Anaplasma marginale vector

Answer 10

``` 2&3 host ticks Inornate Have eyes Sometimes have festoons Banded legs Long mouthparts ```

Answer 11

S eu and africa

Answer 12

Africa Vector of babesia, theileria and rickettsia Tick toxicosis

Answer 13

Inornate | Have eyes and festoons

Answer 14

Africa Vector of east coast fever and babesia bigemina and nairobi sheep disease 3 host tick

Answer 15

2 host | Transmit babesia bigemina and equi

Answer 16

Transmit babesia canis and ehrlichia canis Cause tick paralysis in dogs Transmit other protozoal viral and reickettsial infections 3 host

Answer 17

Humidity of micro enviro off host is key Most active during warm season Conditions in micro habitat of free living governed by rainfall mainly but also affected by plant transpiration herbage density and type Housing give unique microhabitats for tocks eg in bedding or crevices

Answer 18

Detach after feeding and drop from host moult and then wait for new host so spend most of cycle in enviro

Answer 19

Remain on hist and moult to become nymphs and feed on same host then drop into enviro and moult to adults then find a new host

Answer 20

Ramain on same hist Engirged female drop to ground and seek suitable egg laying enviro Adult males remain on host for longer before dying

Answer 21

Organophosphates Pyrethroids Macrocyclic lactone endectocide injection Acaricides applied to particular parts of animals (but many ticks and larvae are in innaccesable part of body where acaticide wont gey to them) Repeated acaticide treatment is required and periods of tick activity arent clearly enough defined to allow strategic treatment, also toxic leaving residues in milk and meat and causing enviro pollution. Expensive in deving countries Res is emerging

Answer 22

One larval and 2 numph stages involved live in cracks in poultry hius suck blood from poultry at night about once a month live several yrs A persicus Domestic poultry cause irritation anaemia loss of prod Transmit borelia anseeria and rickettsia A reflexus Pigeons

Answer 23

O megnini Spine nose ear tick america india asia africa Mainly ibfect dogs ears but can other hosts Eggs in crevices and around feed troughs Only larvae and nymphs parasitic remain on same host for months at a time

Answer 24

Live under sand in primitive housing or in shaded areas around trees Only nymphs and adults parasitic Feed for short time periods Cause irritation and anaemia O moubata africa Reservoir for african swine fever and relapsing fever in man O savignyi africa O turicata america Vector of Q fever and cause tock paralysis

Answer 25

Freq feed on diff hosts

Answer 26

Scissor action of digits on chelicerae lacerates skin Thrust hypostome through Lock curved teeth of hypostom onto tissues Hypostome forms a groove through which saliva cont proteases anticoags imm suppressants anaesthetic amd toxins also pathogens and lipopro glue pass and blood meal pass back up the groove

Answer 27

Pathogen survives and or dev within parasite and moves from gut to mouthparts for transmission

Answer 28

Pathogen gets from one host to another by entering feeding tick larvae or nymph and surviving to adult or nymph that will feed on another host

Answer 29

Pathogen passes from infected female to her eggs then larvae | Esp important in one host ticks

Answer 30

Afapted for long survival periods between feeds and tick borne pathogens survive these periods from one transmission opportunity to the next Vertebrate hosts act as carriers infecting more ticks

Answer 31

12 spp in uk Heavy burdens cause irritation and anaemia Ixodes ricinus most important vector D reticulatus and haem punctata in s england and wales

Answer 32

Over 85% humidity and over 7 degrees c Most tick birne dis see in western upland uk Problems in forested areas of s england Suitable microhabitat around ditches and conservation areas on lowground farms Influences of climate change, red sheep no, enviro scheme

Answer 33

``` Feed for 28d in 3 yr life Non feeding stages req high humidity eg dense veg mat and mod-high rainfall Quest meal above 10 degrees c Die after no feed for 4-6 wk 1 yr interval between feeds Spring/summer and summer/autumn pops ```

Answer 34

Head Neck Groin Axillae

Answer 35

Most quest in spring Eggs hatch in autumn and larvae and nymphs moult at same time Over winter in unengorged state Quest when mean day night temp is over 10degrees c

Answer 36

Incr common in uk Eggs hatch in summer and larvae and nymphs moult at same time Overwinter in engorged condition Questing ends when mean daynight temp over 10 degrees c

Answer 37

Not usually as temp is high and humidity os low

Answer 38

Geographical distrib is changing due to climate change Sheep farming economics and enviro and biodiversity management policies relating to habitat Risk of importation of hitherto exotic ticks and vector borne dis or endemic ticks carrying exotic dis risk incr as more freedom of international movement Due to public access of countryside increased and more people doing rural leisure activities the risk of zoonotic trans due to ticks not being host spec is incr

Answer 39

Now uneconomic List of acaricides available is dwindling Also res is developing

Answer 40

Tock treatment no longer req by PETS Lead to r sanguineus rep in UK eg household dogs brought home from holiday in france can bring back large infestations of dogs and other visiting dogs Transmit babesia canis and ehrlichia canis