TIA Patho-Pharm (Exam 2) Flashcards
TIA stands for
Transient ischemic attack
TIA is characterized by
Acute, focal cerebral insufficiency last < 24 hours
-Usually <60 min w/ no residual effects
-Typically one vessel
-NO RESIDUAL effects
TIA vs Stroke
Stroke = neurological deficits lasting > 24 hours
Is TIA more common in males or females?
Males
Someone who experience an TIA is at increased risk for
A stroke (highest risk within 1 month of TIA)
TIA: Presentation
-Varies based on patient and which vessel is envolved
-Onset and Recovery = ABRUPT
-Symptoms are associated with location of defect
-Follows a vascular line to certain area in the brain. If that is speech than a person might have difficulty forming words
Onset and Recovery of TIA is typically
Abrupt
A person with re-occuring TIA’s will typically have
The same manifestations with each one
Bell’s Palsy Versus TIA
TIA symptoms recover more quickly than Bell’s Palsy
TIA: Carotid Area Attack Manifestations
-Weakness / heaviness in contralateral arm/leg/face
-Numbness
-DYSPHAGIA (hard to swallow)
-Ipsilateral monocular visual loss
TIA: Vertebrobasilar Area Attack Manifestations
-Blurry vision
-Vertigo
-DYSPHASIA (hard to speak)
-Ataxia
-Motor or sensory changes
(Ipsilateral face) (same side)
(Contralateral body) (opposite side)
Dysphagia is more common in what TIA
Carotid Area
Dysphasia is more common in what TIA
Vertebrobasilar Area
TIA Diagnosis
History and Physical
-Pattern - History - Vascular problems?
CT, MRI, or MRA
-Rule out hemorrhage
-Lacunar infarcts
-Aneurysms
Carotid Doppler Studies
-Carotid stenosis
Echocardiogram
-Assess for cardiac source
-Is there a clot that might break off and go to the brain
TIA treatment depends on
The cause
TIA typical treatment
Anticoagulation
-ASA (small doses)
-clopidogrel (Plavix)
-Heparin and warfarin if cardiac related
Carotid Endarterectomy with > 70% stenosis (removing plaque that is built up in the artery)
If TIA is related to stenosis or narrowing of carotid artery, what might be done?
Carotid endarterectomy to remove plaque or open up the artery
Carotid angioplasty (balloon)
