Thyroid/Neck Chpt. 12 Flashcards
Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:
Thyroglossal duct cysts
Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?
4
a cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:
branchial cleft cyst
malignant thyroid nodule? hot or cold??
cold nodule
Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?
calcium
A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:
10mm
hypercalcemia is associated with?
parathyroid adenoma
Describe the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?
a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum
Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic finding of a thyroid inferno?
graves disease
All of the following are sonographic finding of malignant thyroid nodules except: A) internal calcifications B)echogenic mass C)cervical node involvement D)solitary mass
echogenic mass
All of the following are diagnostic finding of benign thyroid nodules except: A. anechoic mass B. eggshell calcifications C. hyperechoic mass D. cold nodule
cold nodule
Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer? A. follicular B. anaplastic C. lymphoma D. papillary
Lymphoma
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
hashimoto thyroiditis
All of the following are sonographic finding of an abnormal lymph node except: A. rounded shape B. echogenic hilum C. calcifications D. enlargement
Echogenic calcification
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism ?
Graves disease
A 30 year old patient presents tot he sonography department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Graves disease
The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as?
Colloid
In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces?
too few thyroid hormones
The thyroid gland utilizes what to produces its hormones?
iodine
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?
longus colli
Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?
sternocleidomastoid
What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?
Esophagus
Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?
internal carotid artery (but Erin’s test says common carotid)
A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than____ is indicative of thyroid enlargement?
10mm
Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?
strap
What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?
superior thyroid artery
All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except? A. thyroxine B. iodine C. triiodothyronine D. calcitonin
iodine
Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?
thyroixine
What type of gland is the thyroid glad?
endocrine
The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the ?
pyramidal lobe
You have been asked to perform a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with a palpable nodule in the left neck. Which of the following transducers would provide the most optimal scan? A. 2.25 MHz curved linear array B. 5.0 MHz curved linear array C. 7.5 MHz curved linear array D. 10 MHz linear array
10 MHZ linear array
The differential diagnosis for thyroiditis includes all of the following except: A. Hemorrhagic cyst B. Goiter C. Multinodular goiter D. Abscess
hemorrhagic cyst
A patient with no significant medical history is seen with a palpable nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid. On ultrasound examination, the nodule is found to be moslty cystic but to contain debris. The features of this mass make it more likely to be
benign thyroid nodule
The most common feature of a thyroid adenoma is
peripheral sonolucent halo
A middle aged woman with a painless diffuesly enlarged thyroid gland is referred for neck sonography. The sonogram reveals a hypoechoic but overall coarse homogeneous thyroid echotexture when compared with a normal thyroid. Also seen are multiple ill-defined hypoechoic areas separated by thickened fibrous strands. This is the appearance of
Hashimoto disease
Which vascular structure is located closet to the thyroid lobes
Common Carotid Artery(this was the correct answer on Erin’s quiz)
Internal carotid artery (This was the correct answer in the review book)
So your guess is as good as mine to the correct answer:)
Superior extension of the isthmus is called?
pyramidal lobe
What hormones aids in the metabolism of fats,proteins, and carbohydrates
thyroxine and triiodothyroine
What hormone is responsible for removing calcium from the blood for storage in the bones
calcitonin
The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the ______ ______ artery and the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocerical trunk of the ______ artery
external carotid artery & subclavian artery
Each adult thyroid lobe measure?
4-6 cm length
2-3 cm width
1-2 cm thickness
*right lobe typically the largest lobe
What is a highly efficient way to determine the character of clinically identifiable thyroid nodule
FNA fine needle aspiration
enlarged hyperplastic thyroid gland?
goiter
what are the causes of goiters?
iodine deficiency, graves disease and thyroiditis
sonographic findings of a goiter
heterogeneous echotexture,
enlarged
may contain multiple nodules with cystic and solid components
enlarged thyroid glan that contains multiple nodules with cystic and solid components may be referred as?
multinodular goiter or adenomatous goiter
a condition that results from overproducation of thyroid hormones is?
hyperthyroidism
Clinical findings of Graves disease
bulging eyes heat intolerance nervousness weightloss hair loss
Graves disease may also be referred to as?
diffuse toxic goiter
Sonographic findings of Graves disease
- Enlarged gland
- heterogeneous or diffusely hyopechoic echotexture
- thyroid inferno
A condition that results from the underproduction of thyroid hormone?
hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis may be referred to as?
chronic autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis
clinical findings of Hashimoto
- depression
- increased cold sensitivity
- elevated blood cholesterol levels
- slight weight gain may occur
in Hashimoto what hormone is secreted to cause the thyroid to enlarge?
thyroid stimulating hormone
sonographic finding of hashimoto thyroiditis
- mild enlargement
- heterogeneous echotexture
- hypervascular gland
What nodules are the most common masses identified within the thyroid gland with sonography?
benign thyroid nodules
What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?
papillary carcinoma
the distinct feature that increases the likelihood of the nodule being malignant is?
microcalcifications
Nuclear medicine utilizes _______ to classify thyroid nodules as either hyperfuncting or hypofunctioning?
scintigraphy
Benign characteristics of thyroid nodules
- extensive cystic components
- cysts nodules (hyperfunctioning)
malignant characteristics of thyroid nodules
- hypoechoic mass
- mass with internal microcalcifications
- solitary mass
- enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes
- “cold” nodule (hypofunctioning)
parathyroid glands serves as?
calcium regulators for the body
What is the most common cause of enlargement of a parathyroid gland?
parathyroid adenoma
clinical findings of parathyroid adenoma
- elevated serum calcium
- elevated PTH
Sonographic findings of parathyroid adenoma
-hypoechoic mass adjacent to the thyroid
abnormal lymph nodes can result from?
infections and malignancy
sonographic findings of abnormal lymph nodes
- enlargement of the node>1cm
- rounded shape
- loss of the echogenic hilum
- calcifications
benign congenital cyst located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone is?
thyroglossal duct cysts
anechoic well defined and unilocular cyst with posterior enhancement
thyroglossal duct cyst
palpable neck mass located near the angle of the mandible
branchial cleft cyst
anechoic mass near the angle of the mandible
thyroglossal cleft cyst (ck book to be certain of answer pg. 129; it says in the chart that answer but I believe it should be branchail cleft cyst)
