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Medicine, Year 1 Block 8 (Reproductive And Endocrine Systems) > Thyroid in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Thyroid in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

The follicular cells of the thyroid gland secretes a substance called..?

A

Colloid

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2
Q

The thyroid produces a hormone which regulates Calcium / Phosphorus in the blood. What is the hormone?

A

Calcitonin

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3
Q

What is the effect of Calcitonin on the body?

A

Stimulates osteoblasts
Inhibits osteoclasts
Inhibits Ca/PO3 reabsorption

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4
Q

The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is released by..?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

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5
Q

The Thyroid Releasing Hormone is released by..?

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Thyroid hormone is derived from which amino acid?

A

Two iodinated tyrosine molecules

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7
Q

How does the thyroid stimulate metabolism?

A
  • Increase number / size of mitochondria
  • Increases number of enzymes in metabolic chain
  • Increase of Na/K ATPase activity
  • Positive ionotropic / chronotropic effect on heart
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8
Q

How does a Thyroid Hormone deficiency cause Mental Retardation?

A

Because TH stimulates Growth Hormone

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9
Q

Colloid in the hormone is secreted by..?

A

Follicular cells

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10
Q

Which protein, secreted by the Follicular cells, is the precursor of all thyroid hormones?

A

Thyroglobulin

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11
Q

Of T3 and T4, which is the pro-hormone?

A

T4

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12
Q

Give 1 example of a Nuclear Receptor stimulated by the T3 hormone?

A

Retinoid X Receptor

Thyroid Hormone Receptor

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13
Q

Which enzyme converts T4 into T3?

A

Iodinase

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of a goitre and borderline hypothyroidism?

A

Iodine deficiency

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15
Q

What is Hashimoto’s Disease?

A

Auto-immune hypothyroiditis, characterised by Thyroid Peroxidase antibodies

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16
Q

What is Grave’s Disease?

A

Auto-immune hyperthyroiditis, charactertised by Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI)

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Thyroid Eye Disease?

A

Lid lag
Exopthalmos
Proptosis
Opthalmoplegia (Eye muscle paralysis)

18
Q

Give an example of a drug used to treat hyperthyroidism. What does it do?

A

Thionamides i.e. Carbimazole

Inhibits oxidation by Thyroid Peroxidase

19
Q

If a patient has Radioactive Iodine or a Thyroidectomy for their Hyperthyroidism… What drug will they likely be supplemented on for the rest of their life?

A

Thyroxine

20
Q

The normal serum calcium concentration is..?

A

2.2-2.6 mmol/L

21
Q

Where is the parathyroid hormone secreted from? In response to what?

A

Parathyroid glands, in response to a fall in plasma Calcium

Medicine, Year 1 Block 8 (Reproductive And Endocrine Systems) (25 decks)

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