Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas Flashcards
The head of the pancreas is associated with..?
Duodenum
The tail of the pancreas is associated with..?
Spleen
What % of Pancreatic tissue is Exocrine / Endocrine?
Exocrine: 90%
Endocrine: 10%
What are the structures which perform the Exocrine function of the Pancreas?
Acinus is a cluster of cells which are connected to intercalated ducts which eventually feed into the Pancreatic duct
What is the function of the Intercalated ducts?
Secretion of alkaline bicarbonate to buffer the enzymes to work
What is Secretin?
A hormone which regulates water homeostasis
Also regulates secretions in stomach and duodenum
Cystic Fibrosis is characterised by a mutation in which gene?
CTFR
The endocrine pancreatic tissue has four cell types. What are they and what do they secrete?
Alpha: Glucagon
Beta: Insulin
Delta: Somatostatin
Epsilon: Ghrelin
Insulin exists in two forms what are they?
Hexameric form (inactive) Monomeric form (active)
State the three sub-stages for the synthesis of Insulin
Pre-proinsulin
Pro-insulin
Insulin (hexamer)
Insulin (monomer)
How does Insulin become secreted by the Beta cells in the Iselets of Langerhan?
- Glucose binds to GLUT2 on B-cells
- ATP moves into the B-cells, causing a rise
- This stimulates a wave of depolarisation which opens VOCCs
- Calcium influx stimulates Insulin release
GLUT4 channels are located where?
On fat / muscle cells
What is the Incretin Effect?
As the increased stimulation of insulin secretion elicited by oral as compared with intravenous administration of glucose under similar plasma glucose levels
Give an example of an Incretin hormone
GLP-1
How is the Incretin Effect different in Type 2 Diabetic Patients compared to a normal patient?
The Incretin Effect is diminished / absent
