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Endocrine > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

what hormone is T3?

A

triiodothyronine

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2
Q

what hormone is t4?

A

thyroxine

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3
Q

what do c cells secrete?

A

calcitonin

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4
Q

what is the colloid?

A

sticky glycoprotein matrix

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5
Q

what do follicular cells manufacture?

A

enzymes that make thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin

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6
Q

what do follicular cells concentrate and transport to the colloid?

A

iodine

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7
Q

what catalyses the fusion of tyrosine and iodine?

A

thyroid peroxidase on apical membrane of follicular cells

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8
Q

what inhibits iodine transport into the thyroid gland?

A

thiocyanates: compound formed from detoxification of cyanides

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9
Q

tyrosine + 1 iodine =?

A

monoiodotyrosine

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10
Q

monoiodotyrosine + iodine = ?

A

diodotyrosine

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11
Q

monoiodotyrosine + diiodotyrosine = ?

A

triodothyronine

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12
Q

diiodotyrosine + diiodotyrosine = ?

A

tetrarodothyronine: THYROXINE

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13
Q

what is the transporter that transports iodine into the colloid?

A

pendrin

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14
Q

what do t3 and t4 bind to in the plasma?

A

thyroxine binding globulin

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15
Q

why thyroid hormone has a longer half life?

A

T4 as thyroxine binding globulin has a higher affinity for it

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16
Q

which thyroid hormone is more physiologically active?

A

T3 as the receptor has a higher affinity for it

17
Q

what inhibits T4 changing to T3?

A

glucocorticoids

18
Q

what inhibits thyroid stimulating hormone being released by the pituitary?

A

> negative feedback of thyroid hormones
glucocorticoids
somatostatins

19
Q

what are the actions of thyroid hormones?

A

> raises metabolic rate, promoting thermogenesis
increases lipolysis
required for foetal brain development
increases proteolysis
critical for growth, stimulating GH receptor expression

20
Q

what are the effects of hyperthyroidism?

A

> increased metabolic rate
altered nervous system function
elevated cardiovascular function
increased protein catabolism

21
Q

what are the effects of hypothyroidism?

A

> decreased metabolic rate
distributed protein synthesis
altered nervous system function
reduced CVS function

22
Q

what can cause goitre?

A

> increased trophic action of TSH on follicular cells

> over activity due to autoimmune disease

Endocrine (15 decks)

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