Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Pharamacology > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What controls the normal secretion of the thyroid gland (which in turn controls metabolism)?

A

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two groups of hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroid hormones (amine)
and
Calcitonin (peptide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does thyroid hormones (amines) do?

A

increase metabolic rate & body heat production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of thyroid hormone?

A

Thyroxine (T4)
and
Triiodothyronine (T3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

A

Increases bone matrix formation & Ca2+ secretion form kidneys. Also reduces blood Ca2+ levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What mechanism is tyrosine regulation?

A

Negative feedback on anterior pituitary gland to decrease TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give a example of a metabolic process that thyroxine controls?

A

thermogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 functions of T3 and T4?

A
  1. increase protein and enzyme synthesis
  2. Increase size and number of mitochondria un cells
  3. Promote rapid cellular uptake of glucose
  4. Enhance glycolysis and glycogenesis
  5. Increase FFA availability for oxidation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of Calcitonin?

A

Metabolizes calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are thyroid diseases diagnosed?

A

Neck ultrasound

Thyroid scan using radioactive iodine or Tc99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the hormone levels for primary hyperthyroidism?

A

T3/T4 levels increased

TSH levels decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the hormone levels for secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

T3/T4 levels increased

TSH levels increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes the problem in primary hyperthyroidism?

A

The thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes the problem in secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

The pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Graves disease caused by?

A

A overproduction of thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name three symptoms of Graves disease

A

exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
decreased body weight
increased heart rate

17
Q

What is produced during Graves disease?

A

Production of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin which mimics TSH (no negative feedback)

18
Q

What is the aetiology (cause of) hyperthyroidism?

A

Autoimmune
Graves disease
Adenocarcinoma

19
Q

What is the target gender and age range for hyperthyroidism?

A

Females > Males

Mean age: 20-40 years

20
Q

Name three drugs that affect thyroid function

A

Glucocorticoids
Amiodarone
Colestipol

21
Q

What causes simple diffuse goiter?

A

Stimulation of the gland by TSH in response to low levels of thyroid hormone

22
Q

What are the three antithyroid drugs for hyperthroidism?

A

Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
Synthesis inhibitors

23
Q

What symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism?

A

Propranolol
Beta-blocker
Decrease SNS activity
No smoking

24
Q

What are palliative treatments for hyperthyroidism?

A 
Diet 
Calorie intake
Increase fluids
Decrease Na
Decrease fibre
Decrease caffeine
25
Q

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Weight gain
Decreased alertness
Decreased body temperature
Goitier formation

26
Q

Why is there reduced thyroid hormone production during hypothyroidism?

A

Due to iodine deficiency

27
Q

What are the causes of primary hypothyroidism?

A

Autoimmune hypothyroidism- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Iodine deficiency
Congenital defects

28
Q

What is the causes of secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Isolated TSH deficiency
Hypopituitarism
hypothalamic disorders

29
Q

What are three signs of hypothyroidism in the elderly?

A

Tiredness
Dry skin
Slowing intellectual activity e.g. poor memory and difficulty concentrating

30
Q

What is iodine essential for?

A

Its central to the molecular structure and manufacture of thyroid hormones

31
Q

What are three signs of cretinism?

A

Stunted growth
Infantile appearance-Puffy face protuberant abdomen
Neurological defects

32
Q

What is creationism caused by?

A

Iodine deficiency in early life

33
Q

What are drug treatments for hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine Sodium

Liothyronine Sodium

34
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid gland consist of?

A

2 lobes lying over the larynx

35
Q

What are T3 and T4 attached to in the blood?

A

Binding globulins

36
Q

Which thyroid hormone is active?

A

T3 (T4 converted to T3 in the liver)

Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Pharamacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions