Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Pharamacology > Gastrointestinal Pharmacology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Name eight gastrointestinal disorders

A 
Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Duodenal Ulcer
Nausea
Emesis
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 
Diarrhoea
Constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do pyloric mucosa cells secrete?

A

A thick, alkaline-rich mucus: protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are pylori mucosa cells stimulated by?

A

Mechanical and chemical irritation and parasympathetic inputs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can protective mucus barrier be damaged by?

A

Bacterial and viral infection, certain drugs, and aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does too little 5-HT lead to?

A

Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does too much 5-HT lead to?

A

Diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are precipitating factors of GERD?

A

Fatty food, alcohol, caffeine
Smoking
Obesity
Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Helicobacter Pylori bacteria (80% cause)

Excess Alcohol

Stress

N.S.A.I.D.s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is begnin PUD?

A

Normal gastric acid production + mucosal barrier weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is malignant PUD?

A

Excessive gastric acid secretion, overwhelms mucosal barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is PUD diagnosed?

A

By barium swallow
Or/and
Upper G.I. endoscopy +/- biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What surgery treatments are used for PUD?

A

Vagotomy: cutting vague nerve
Antrectomy
Pyloroplasty: widening stomach-duodenal passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are drug treatments of GERD & PUD?

A 
Antacids
H2 Receptor Blockers
Mucosal Protective Agents
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Anti-Cholinergic
Prostaglandin Analogy
Anti-microbial agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a systemic antacid?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are non systemic antacids?

A

Aluminium + Magnesium hydroxide combinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is contraindicated in non systemic antacids?

A

Patients with impaired renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can cause diarrhoea?

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can cause constipation?

A

Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do histamine H2 receptor blockers do?

A

Competitive inhibition of acid secretion H2 inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do histamine H2 receptor blockers interact with?

A

CYP450 enzymes: changes effects of other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do proton pump inhibitors do?

A

Irreversible inhibition of proton pump

22
Q

What are prostaglandins a treatment of?

A

NSAID- induced injury

23
Q

What are side effects of prostaglandins?

A

Diarrhoea, cramping pain (30%) and teratogenicity

24
Q

What do anticholinergics do?

A

block gastric acid secretions effectively at H2 blockers

25
Q

What are side effects of anticholinergics?

A

Constipation, dry mouth, sedation, buried vision

26
Q

What do sucralfate do?

A

Prevent/treat PUD as a barrier
Sticky polymer in acid pH
Adheres to ulcer site

27
Q

What do cheated bismuth do?

A

Protects ulcer crater & allows healing

28
Q

What are side effects of cheated bismuth?

A

Constipation

29
Q

What percentage of PUD is caused by H.pylori?

A

85%

30
Q

What does H.pylori do?

A

Attach to epithelial cells of stomach & duodenum

Damage cells, enzymes & toxins

31
Q

What is Ulcerative colitis and what are the symptoms?

A

Diffuse mucosal colonic inflammation

Bloody diarrhoea, colic, urgency, tenesmus

32
Q

What is Crohns disease and what are the symptoms?

A

Patchy transmural inflammation

Abdo pain, diarrhoea, weight loss

33
Q

What are treatments of inflammatory bowel disease?

A 
Aminosalicylates
Corticosteroids
Thiopurines
Methotrexate
Cyclosporin
Infliximab
34
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Decrease IL1 transcription, arachidonic acid metabolism

35
Q

What are side effects of corticosteroids?

A

Cushing’s disease-Moon face, mood disturbance, glucose intolerance, osteoporosis

36
Q

What is constipation?

A

Difficulty in imagining a bowel movement

37
Q

What is a treatment of constipation and what is the problem with this treatment?

A

Laxatives. Only use if lifestyle modifications fails. Overuse produces a constipation cycle

38
Q

What are the different laxative therapies?

A

Bulking agents
Osmotic laxatives
Stimulant drugs
Stool softners

39
Q

What do bulk laxatives do?

A

Increase bowel volume
Trigger stretch receptors in wall
Initiates peristalsis

40
Q

What are the different saline & osmotic laxatives?

A

Non digestible sugars & alcohol (lactulose)

Salts

Polyethylene glycol

41
Q

What are some stool softners?

A

Docusate sodium
Liquid paraffin
Glycerin suppositories

42
Q

What do irritant laxatives do?

A

Increase GI motility + irritates GI mucosa

43
Q

What are causes of diarrhoea?

A

Toxins

Micro organisms: shigella, salmonella, E.coli, campylobacter, Clostridium difficile

44
Q

What do anti-diarrhoeal drugs do?

A

Reduce peristaltic- stimulates bowel opioid receptors & allow more time for H20 absorption

45
Q

What do anti-flatulents do?

A

Changes elasticity of mucus coated gas bubbles making large bubbles break

46
Q

What are invasive treatments of haemorrhoid treatments?

A

Rubber band ligation
Sclerotherapy
Laser coagulation
Surgical: removal or stapling

47
Q

What are haemorrhoid treatments?

A

Fibre & water/ exercise

Drugs: hydrocortisone

48
Q

What are some antiemetic drugs?

A

Muscarinic M1 antagonist
Histamine H1/ Dopamine D2 antagonist
5HT3 antagonist

49
Q

What are emetics?

A

Drugs that cause vomiting

50
Q

What is a haemorrhoid?

A

swollen blood vessels in or around the anus and rectum

Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Pharamacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions