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FINALS - ENDOCRINE > thyroid -general + cancer > Flashcards

thyroid -general + cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what hormones are involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary feedback loop

A

hypothalamus: thyrotropin (TRH) –> ant pit: TSH –> thyroid: T3 + T4 –> hypothalamus to inhibit TRH

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2
Q

what is the precursor for T3/4

A

thyroglobulin

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3
Q

role of iodide in production of T3/4

A

iodide oxidated –> iodine: converts thryobglubulin –> T3/4

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4
Q

what is the most abundant T3/4 hormone, what is more active

A

T4 - thyroxine more abundant // T3 more active

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5
Q

what converts T4 –> 3

A

liver + kidney

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6
Q

what proteins transport thyroid hormones around the body

A

TBG, TBPA, albumin

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7
Q

function thyroid hormones

A

increase: metabolism, growth, mood, cognition

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8
Q

function of calcitonin

A

inhibits osteoclasts + lowers Ca

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9
Q

benign causes thyroid nodules

A

multinodular goitre // adenoma // hashimoto // cyst

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10
Q

invx thyroid nodules

A

TFTS + ultrasonograpy

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11
Q

most –> least common thyroid cancer (5)

A

papillary –> follicular –> medullary –> anaplastic –> lymphoma

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12
Q

who usually gets papillary thyroid cancer

A

young females - good prognosis

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13
Q

how does papillary thyroid cancer metastasis

A

lymph

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14
Q

how does follicular thyroid cancer usually spread

A

blood

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15
Q

what group of conditions is medullary thyroid cancer assoc with

A

MEN 2

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16
Q

symptoms medullary thyroid

A

diarrhoea + flushed skin

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17
Q

tumour marker medullary thyroid cancer

A

calcitonin (arises from C cells)

18
Q

symptoms/ features anaplastic thyroid cancer

A

pressure symptoms - SOB lying flat // old women // v unresponsive

19
Q

what is thyroid lymphoma assoc with

A

hashimotos thyroiditis (hypothyroid)

20
Q

invx thyroid cancer

A

USS + FNA // TSH

21
Q

RF thyroid cancer

A

new nodule <20 or >50 // fast growing // male // 4cm // history radiation

22
Q

mx papillary and follicular thyroid cancer

A

thyroidectomy followed with radioiodine

23
Q

what marker is used to detect thyroid recurrence

A

thyroglobulin

24
Q

complications of thyroidectomy (3)

A

damage to recurrent laryngeal (voice changes, hoarsness, swallowing, breathing) // bleeding + oedeoma –> obstructed airway // parathyroid –> hypocalcaemia

25
Q

what happens to TBG, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine in pregnancy

A

TBG rises // raised bound thyroxine, no change in free T4

26
Q

most common cause Thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy

A

graves

27
Q

what can cause transient gestational hyperthyroid

A

HCG activates TSH

28
Q

what semester does transient gestational hyperthyroid occur in

A

1st (HCG falls in tri 2 +3)

29
Q

mx hyperthyroid pregnancy

A

1st tri = propylthiouracil // 2+3tri = carbimazole

30
Q

what is contraindicated in thyroid mx in pregnancy

A

radioiodine

31
Q

what should happen to thyroxin dose in hypothyroid pregnant women

A

at least double it in weeks 4-6

32
Q

what are the stages of postpartum thyroiditis

A

hyper –> hypo –> normal

33
Q

what antibody is common in postpartum thyroiditis

A

TPO

34
Q

how does amiodarone cause amiodarone-induce HYPOthyroid

A

high iodine content

35
Q

can amiodarone be continued in amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism

A

yes

36
Q

features type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosid

A

excess iodine –> excess thyroid hormone // goitre // hyperthyroid

37
Q

mx type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosid

A

carbimazole or potassium perchlorate

38
Q

features type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosid

A

destruction of thyroid –> no goitre

39
Q

mx type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosid

A

steroids

40
Q

can amiodarone be continued in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosid

A

no

FINALS - ENDOCRINE (14 decks)

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