Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FINALS - ENDOCRINE > pituitary > Flashcards

pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

where does the anterior pituitary arise from

A

Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the posterior pituitary arise from

A

neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does anterior pit secrete

A

ATH // TSH // GH // prolactin // FSH // LH // MSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does posterior pit secrete

A

ADH + oxytonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

size of a pituitary microadenoma vs macroadenoma

A

micro <1cm // macro >1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symptoms pituitary adenomas

A

hormone excess (cushings, acromegaly, galactorrhoe) // hypopituitarism // headaches // bitemperoal hemianopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of tumours cause hypopituitarism

A

non-functioning (non-hormonal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do pituitary adenomas cause visual problems

A

compress optic chiasm –> bitemporal heminopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

invx pituitary adenomas

A

blood profile // visual field // MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mx non-function pit adenomas

A

transphenoidal transnasal hypophysectomy if growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common pit adenoma

A

prolcatinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function prolactin

A

stimulates breast + milk // decreased GnRH –> decreased LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what increases secretion of prolactin

A

thyrotroptin (TRH from hypo) // pregnancy, breastfeeding // oestrogen // sleep // stress //

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what drugs increase production of prolactin

A

dopamine antagonists eg metoclopramide, haloperidol, phenothiazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what inhibits prolactin secretion

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what conditions raised prolactin

A

prolactinoma // hypothyroid (increased TRH) // PCOS // acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

symptoms prolactinoma in women

A

amenorrhoea // infertile // galactorrhea // osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

symptoms prolactinoma men

A

impotence // loss of libido // galactorrhea

19
Q

symptoms prolactinoma men + women

A

headache, vision, hypopituitarism

20
Q

diagnosis prolactinoma

A

MRI + serum prolactin

21
Q

1st line mx prolactinoma

A

dopamine agonist eg cabergoline, bromocriptine

22
Q

SE dopamine agonists

A

N+V // post hypotension // hallucinations // fibrosis (bromocriptine)

23
Q

2nd line mx prolactinoma

A

surgery - if cannot tolerate meds

24
Q

what hormone is secreted in acromegaly

A

growth hormone

25
Q

symptoms acromegaly

A

sharp face, big hands and feet // big tongue, bulging tongue // excessive sweating // headache, bitempotral hemianopia // galactorrhea

26
Q

what can acromegaly be assoc with

A

MEN 1

27
Q

complciations acromgealy

A

HTN // diabetes // cardiomyopathy // colorectal cancer

28
Q

first line invx acromegaly

A

serum IGF1

29
Q

invx to confirm acromegaly

A

oral glucose tolerance test // in normal patient hyperglycaemia suppresses GH <2 /// in acromegaly hyperglycaemia does not suppress GH

30
Q

what blood test can monitor acromegaly

A

serum IGF1

31
Q

imaging acromegaly

A

MRI

32
Q

1st line mx acromgealy

A

trans-sphenoidal surgery

33
Q

medication mx acromgealy (3)

A

somatostatin analogue eg ocreatide // GH receptor antagonist eg pegvisomant // dopamine agonist eg bromocriptine

34
Q

what is pituitary apoplexy

A

haemorrhage or infarction of pit tumour –> sudden enlargement of tumour

35
Q

symptoms pituitary apoplexy

A

sudden onset severe headache // vomiting // neck stiffness // visual symptoms // hypopituitary symptoms eg hypotension, hyponatraemia

36
Q

eye symptoms pituitary apoplexy

A

extraocular nerve palsy // bitemporal superior quadrant defect

37
Q

invx pituitary apoplexy

A

MRI

38
Q

mx pituitary apoplexy

A

urgent steroids (bc decreased ACTCH) // maybe fluids, maybe surgery

39
Q

causes hypopituitarism

A

compression by non-functional adenoma // pit apoplexy // Sheehans // hypothalamic tumour // trauma // radiation

40
Q

what is Sheehans syndrome

A

postpartum haemorrhage –> pituitary necrosis

41
Q

features hypopituitarism from the hormones

A

ACTH –> tired + post hypotension // FSH + LH –> amenorrhoea, infertility, low libido // TSH –> constipated, cold, slow cognition, dry skin // GH –> short stature

42
Q

invx hypopituitarism

A

hormone profiles // insulin stress test // MRI

43
Q

insulin stress test

A

give IV insulin –> GH + cortisol should rise (if they do not = hypopituitarism)

44
Q

contraindications insulin stress test

A

epilepsy, IHD, adrenal insufficiency

FINALS - ENDOCRINE (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions