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Pharmacology FINAL EXAM > Thyroid/Endocrine > Flashcards

Thyroid/Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid Binding Globulin (TGB)

A
  1. Binds to T3 and T4
  2. T4 is 99.96% bound
  3. T3 is 99.7% bound
  4. Measure the free t3 and t4 to test for hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism
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2
Q

Calcitonin

A
  1. Secreted by the thyroid
  2. Responds to high circulating calcium levels
  3. Increases calcium storage in the bone
  4. Increases renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus
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3
Q

Calcitonin

-used for

A

Medication used for osteoporosis

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4
Q

Thyroid Replacing Medications

-Indication

A
  1. Hypothyroidim
  2. Myxedema coma & goiters
  3. Well tolerated w/ very little adverse reactions
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5
Q

Thyroid Replacement Medications

-Contraindication

A
  1. During acute MI or angina
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6
Q

Thyroid Replacement Medications

-Drug Interactions

A
  1. Cholestyamine (binding)
  2. Oral anticoagulants (potency)
  3. Digitalis (decrease effectiveness)
  4. Theophylline (decreased clearance)
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7
Q

Thyroid Replacement Medications

-Adverse Effects

A

Well tolerated w/ correct dosing

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8
Q

Hypothydoidism

A
  1. Slowing of mind and body
  2. Weak heartbeat
  3. constipation
  4. HIGH LDL
  5. dry skin / hair thinning
  6. Depression “schizophrenia” irritability
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9
Q

Thyroid Storm

A
  1. Life threatening
  2. Easily treatable
  3. Symptoms:
    - Severe tachycardia / HF & shock / Hyperthermia / seizures /
    - N/V/D
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10
Q

Thyroid Storm

-Treatment

A
  1. Hydration
  2. Temp reduction
  3. Reducing thyroid levels
  4. Elimination of stressor
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11
Q

Antithyroid Medication

A
  1. Used when there is too much circulating thyroid hormone
  2. Decreases T4 and T3 hormone
  3. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
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12
Q

Hyperthyroidism

-S/S

A
  1. Graves
  2. Sweating
  3. Neurotic anxiety
  4. Fine tremor (paper test)
  5. brisk reflexes
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13
Q

Antithyroid Medication

-Contraindications

A

Pt’s w/ pulmonary edema & TB (iodine preparations)

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14
Q

Antithyroid Medication

-Drug Interactions

A
  1. hyperkalemia w/ SSKI and K+ replacements
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15
Q

Antithyroid Medication

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Hypothyroidism S/S
  2. GI disturbance w/ PTU
  3. Iodine solutions can:
    - stain teen
    - cause oral discomfort
    - give a metallic taste
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16
Q

Antithyroid Medication

-Nursing Implications/Teaching

A
  1. Divide doses for even dosing around the clock for PTU
  2. Watch for S/S of “iodism”
  3. Take iodine solution through a straw
  4. Watch for S/S of hypothyroidism
  5. Withdrawal gradually, NEVER ABRUPTLY
17
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A
  1. Parathyroid increases PTH release when calcium falls
    - PTH is controlled by feedback loop
    - PTH rises when calcium falls, and increases calcium
    - PTH falls when calcium rises, and decreases calcium
18
Q

Hypercalcemic Medication

A
  1. Works to lower serum calcium
  2. Decreases bone reabsorption
  3. Helps prevent complications from hypercalcemia
    - cardiac dysfunction
    - GI disturbances
19
Q

Hypercalcemic Medication

-Medications

A
  1. Calcitonin
  2. Bisphosphonate-etidronate (Didronel)
  3. Alendronate (Fosamax)
20
Q

Hypercalcemic Medication

-Contraindication

A
  1. Bisphosphonate and gallium w/ renal dysfunction
  2. Bisphosphonate w/ acidosis & Heart Block
  3. Calcitonins and salmon and fish allergies
21
Q

Hypercalcemic Medication

-Drug Interactions

A
  1. Multiple vitamins, iron and antacids

2. Nephrotoxic antibiotics

22
Q

Hypercalcemic Medication

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Facial flushing
  2. Nausea
  3. Renal failure
23
Q

Hypercalcemic Medication

-Nursing Implications/Teaching

A
  1. Given Orally, IV or nasal spray
  2. Encourage fluid intake
  3. Watch for EKG changes
  4. Watch for signs of hypocalcemia and teach pt to report these signs immediately
24
Q

Hypercalcemia

-S/S

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Depression
  3. Confusion
  4. N/V/C
  5. Renal stones, increased urination
  6. Cardiac arrhythmias
25
Q

Hypocalcemia

-S/S

A
  1. Tetany / increased neural excitability
  2. Check for Trousseau’s sign
    -development of carpal spasm when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic pressure for 3 minutes
  3. Check for Chvostek’s sign
    (twitching facial muscles when the facial nerve is tapped anterior to the ear)
26
Q

Hypocalcemia

-Trousseau’s Sign

A
  1. Development of carpal spasm when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic pressure for 3 minutes
27
Q

Hypocalcemia

-Chvostek’s Sign

A
  1. Twitching facial muscles when the facial nerve is tapped anterior to the ear
28
Q

Glucocorticoid Therapy

A
  1. Any disease that increases inflammation or where inflammation goes out of control
29
Q

Glucocorticoid Therapy

-Used for

A
  1. Simple: Poison Oak
  2. Complex and deadly: Pulmonary Inflammation (Pneumonitis)
  3. Painful: Neuritis

Pharmacology FINAL EXAM (9 decks)

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