Diabetes Flashcards
1
Q
Type I Diabetes
-Cause
A
- Insulin-dependent diabetes
2. Results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in a lack of insulin secretion
2
Q
Type I diabetes
-S/S
A
- Hyperglycemia
- Polyuria (excessive urination)
- Polyphagia (increased hunger)
- Polydipsia (increased thirst)
- Glucosuria (high levels of glucose in the urine)
- Weight loss and fatigue
3
Q
Type I diabetes
-Complications
A
- CAD
- heart dz
- stroke
- Kidney disease
- Blindness
4
Q
Type II Diabetes
-Cause
A
- primary physiologic characteristic of type II DM is insulin resistance
- Target cells become unresponsive to insulin due to a defect in insulin receptor function
- Pancreas produces sufficient amounts of insulin but target cells don’t recognize it
5
Q
Type II DM
-lifestyle treatment
A
- Healthy diet
- regular exercise program
- can reverse insulin resistance, and delay or prevent the development of type 2 DM
6
Q
Oral hypoglycemics
A
- Used for Type 2 DM not for type I
7
Q
Oral Hypoglycemics
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
A
Precose
-Does not cause hypoglycemia
8
Q
Oral Hypoglycemics
Biguanide
A
Metformin
-does not cause hypoglycemia
9
Q
Oral Hypoglycemics
Sulfonylureas 2nd generation
A
- Glipizide (Glucotrol)
- Can cause hypoglycemia
10
Q
Oral Hypoglycemics
Thiazolidinediones
A
- rosiglitazone (Avandia)
- Does not cause hypoglycemia
12
Q
Insulin lispro (Humalog)
A
- Rapid acting
- Onset: 10 min
- Peak: 1 hr
- Duration: 3-5 hr
13
Q
Insulin Regular (humulin R, Novolin R)
A
- Short Acting
- Onset: 30 min
- Peak: 3-5 hr
- Duration: 6-10 hr
14
Q
NPH, Humulin N
A
- Intermediate Acting
- Onset: 1 hr
- Peak: 6-12 hr
- Duration: 20-24 hr
15
Q
insulin glargine (Lantus)
A
- Long Acting
- Onset: 1 hr
- NO PEAK
- Duration: 24 hr
15
Q
Meglitinides
A
- Newer class of oral hypoglycemics
2. Hypoglycemia most common adverse effect
