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Pharmacology FINAL EXAM > Anti-Hyperlypidemics > Flashcards

Anti-Hyperlypidemics Flashcards

1
Q

VLDL

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

1. Primary carrier of triglycerides in the blood

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2
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

-Examples

A

“STATINS”

  1. Lovastatin
  2. Atorvastatin
  3. Simvastatin
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3
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statins)

-Action

A
  1. Lowers cholesterol, LDL, VLDL
  2. Increases HDL
  3. Helps prevent atherosclerosis which leads to CAD, AMI, Vascular disease
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4
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statins)

-Contraindications

A
  1. Elevated liver enzymes

2. Liver disease Pt’s

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5
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statins)

-Interactions

A
  1. Cyclosporine
  2. Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
  3. Erythromycin

CAN INCREASE RISK OF MYOPATHY OR RHABDOMYOLYSIS

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6
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statins)

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Hepatitis (Inflammation of the liver)
  2. Myopathy & Rhabdomyolysis
  3. Weakness
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7
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statins)

-Implications

A
  1. 4-6 weeks for therapeutic response (FACTORY)
  2. Report muscle weakness or pain
  3. Report COLA COLOR urine changes
  4. Liver function studies
  5. Avoid sunlight or wear sunscreen
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8
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant

- Examples

A
  1. Cholestyramine (Questran)

2. Colestipol (Colestid)

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9
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant

-Action

A
  1. Binds bile in the INTESTINE, causing the complex to be EXCRETED out. (DELIVERY SYSTEM)
  2. Decreases LDL and cholesterol levels
  3. Increases clearance rate of cholesterol but DOES NOT prevent hepatic synthesis of cholesterol
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10
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant

-Contraindications

A
  1. Complete biliary obstruction
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11
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Increased PT – Anemia
  2. GI – flatulence, N/V
  3. CONSTIPATION (most common)
  4. Decrease fat soluble vitamin absorption
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12
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant

-Implications

A
  1. Works faster than HMG-CoA reductase because it works on delivery.
  2. Take at mealtimes, w/ fluids (dry powder)
  3. Teach ways to prevent, or lessen, constipation
    - increase fluids & bulk in your diet.
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13
Q

Fibric Acid Derivative

-Example

A
  1. Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
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14
Q

Fibric Acid Derivative (Lopid)

-Action

A
  1. Unclear of action - Reduces VLDL
  2. Inhibits cholesterol formation early
  3. Excretion of cholesterol is increased
  4. Decreases triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL
  5. LOPID can increase HDL
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15
Q

Fibric Acid Derivative (Lopid)

-Contraindications

A
  1. Renal or hepatic dysfunction
  2. Cholelithiasis
  3. Pregnancy
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16
Q

Fibric Acid Derivative (Lopid)

-Drug Interaction

A
  1. Oral anticoagulants (increased)
  2. Lovastatin and gefibrozil together increases risk of rhabdomyolysis and myopathy
  3. Sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia)
17
Q

Fibric Acid Derivative (Lopid)

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. GI - N/V/D pain
  2. Renal or liver dysfunction
  3. WBC alterations
  4. Muscle soreness and weakness
18
Q

Fibric Acid Derivative (Lopid)

-Implications

A
  1. Take before meals
  2. 1 to 2 months for therapeutic response
  3. Blood work before and during treatment
  4. REPORT BLEEDING
19
Q

Niacin

-Action

A
  1. Inhibits lipolysis of adipose tissue
  2. Decreases triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL
  3. Increases HDL
20
Q

Niacin

-Contraindications

A
  1. Hepatic dysfunction
  2. Severe hypotension
  3. Gall bladder disease, peptic ulcers
  4. Diabetes
21
Q

Niacin

-Interactions

A
  1. Antihypertensives

2. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

22
Q

Niacin

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Flushing, warmth, headache – MOST COMMON
  2. GI flatulence, n/v peptic ulcers
  3. Rare dysrhythmias
23
Q

Niacin

-Implications

A
  1. Take w/ cold fluids, and foods
  2. Baseline liver, CBC labs
  3. Watch for liver dysfunction
  4. Sustained release might reduce flushing
  5. Report muscle pain or weakness
  6. Report any visual changes
24
Q

Drugs for Lipid Disorders

-Assessment

A
  1. Obtain blood samples
  2. Assess labs – triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL
  3. Clients height and weight
  4. Nursing hx: lifestyle, current drugs, dietary habits
25
Q

Drugs for Lipid Disorders

-Nursing Diagnoses

A
  1. Knowledge deficit regarding condition
  2. Ineffective regimen mgmt
  3. Risk for bleeding

Pharmacology FINAL EXAM (9 decks)

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