Thyroid Dysfunction Flashcards
what is a goitre
enlargement of the thyroid gland when it is over stimulated
what is hypothyroidism
when the thyroid gland is not producing enough of the thyroid hormones
what are symptoms of hypothyroidism
obesity, bradycardia, hoarse voice, slow reflexes, tiredness, cold intolerance, menorrhagia, puffy face/hands/feet, loss of outer 1/3 eyebrow, non pitting oedema
what happens to the TSH levels in hypothyroidism
they increase
what causes hypothyroidism
TSH/TRH deficiency inadequate iodine autoimmunity congenital surgical removal of thyroid gland
what condition is seen in children with hypothyroidism and what are the features of this
cretinism - dwarfed statue, mental deficiency, poor bone development, slow pulse, muscle weakness
what condition is seen in adults with hypothyroidism and what are the features of this
myxedema - thick puffy skin, muscle weakness, slow speech, mental deterioration, intolerance to cold
what is the autoimmune disease causing hypothyroidism and what are the treatments
Hashimoto’s disease
treatment = oral thyroid hormone
what is the autoimmune disease causing hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
what causes hyperthyroidism
- autoimmune
- toxic multinodular goitre
- drugs
- thyroid carcinoma
what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism
weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, weakness, increased appetite, hyper reflexive, amenorrhea, tiredness, warm sweaty hands, bounding pulse, lid lag, staring eyes
how does Graves’ disease work
causes the production of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin which stimulates thyroid hormone secretion
what happens to the TSH levels in hyperthyroidism
decrease
what radioisotope is used to scan the thyroid gland
technetium 99
what drug is used to treat overactive thyroid
carbimazole
what does carbimazole do
its a pro drug which is converted into methimazole in the body which prevents thyroid peroxidase from coupling the iodinating tyrosines on the thyroglobulin