Energy in Cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is metabolism

A

set of processes which drive energy and raw material production from food stuff to sustain life

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2
Q

what are catabolic reactions

A

ones that break down big molecules into smaller ones, releasing ATP

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3
Q

what are anabolic pathways

A

ones that synthesise larger cell components from intermediates using ATP

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4
Q

what is oxidation

A

loss of an electron or H atom

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5
Q

what is reduction

A

gain of an electron

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6
Q

true or false catabolic reactions are oxidative

A

true as they release H atoms

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7
Q

what is energy

A

the capacity to do work

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8
Q

what unit is energy measured in

A

joules

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9
Q

how many joules in 1 Kcal

A

4.20

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10
Q

true or false; carbohydrate contain the most energy

A

false, its actually fat

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11
Q

what type of energy is the main form of energy in cells

A

energy from the breaking of chemical bonds

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12
Q

what are exergonic reactions

A

reactions that release energy

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13
Q

what are endergonic reactions

A

reactions that produce energy

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14
Q

true or false; exergonic reactions have a negative change in free energy

A

true - this makes them spontaneous

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15
Q

what is NAD short for

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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16
Q

what is NADP short for

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

17
Q

what id FAD short for

A

Favin adenine dinucleotide

18
Q

what do hydrogen carriers contain components of

A

b vitamins

19
Q

how are hydrogen carriers reduced

A

by the addition of 2 H atoms (although one is then lost)

20
Q

what is ATP composed of

A

adenine, ribose sugar and 3 phosphates

21
Q

what does adenylate kinase catalyse

A

2ADP –> ATP + AMP

22
Q

true or false; ATP, NADPH, NADH, FAD2H are high energy signal

A

true. these will cause an increase in anabolic processes to reduce to energy levels

23
Q

what does creatine kinase catalyse

A

the transferring of a phosphate group from ATP to creatine to give phosphocreatine. It also catalyses the reverse

24
Q

why does creatine kinase produce phosphocreatine

A

to store energy when there are high levels of ATP

25
what can creatine kinase be used to check for
myocardial infarctions
26
what is creatinine
the breakdown product of creatine in a spontaneous reaction which is then excreted in the kidneys
27
what is the concentration of creatinine in the kidneys proportional to
the muscle mass
28
true or false; creatine kinase can be used to see the dilution of the urine
true