Thyroid Disease Flashcards
What is lingual thyroid?
Abnormal mass of thyroid tissue at base of tongue due to abnormal development
What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?
Cyst formed in the remnant epithelium of the thyroglossal duct
Forms in the midline and moves up on tongue protrusion
What are common causes of goitre?
Iodine deficiency
- reduced thyroxine levels
- increased TSH
- generalised thyroid enlargement
Multinodular goitre
- normal thyroid function
- toxic multinodular goitre
What is a retrosternal multinodular goitre?
Multinodular goitre that enlarges inferiorly into mediastinum
Can cause tracheal compression
What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Excessive tiredness Memory problems Weight gain Cold intolerance Myxoedema Hairloss (outer 1/3 of eyebrows) Menorrhagia
What are the signs of hypothyroidism?
Weight gain Dry skin Pallor (peaches and cream face) Non-pitting oedema Bradycardia
What is myxoedema?
Non-pitting oedema
Eyes, hands + feet
What are causes of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s disease - autoimmune destruction
Sever iodine deficiency
Post-surgery
How do you treat hypothyroidism?
Oral thyroxine
What is thyrotoxicosis?
Excess of thyroid hormones in the body
What are the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis?
Overactivity Nervousness Shaking Heat intolerance Increased sweating Weight loss Amenorrhea
What are the signs of thyrotoxicosis?
Weight loss Warm, sweaty hands Fine hand tremor Tachycardia Bounding pulse Lid lag Staring eyes
What causes lid lag in hyperthyroidism?
Overstimulation of sympathetic smooth muscle in levator palpebrae superioris
What are causes of hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease
Toxic multinodular goitre
Toxic adenoma
What is Graves’ disease?
Autoimmune hyperthyroidism
Immunoglobulin called TSI - stimulates TSH receptor
