Thyroid axis Flashcards
Symptomes of Hyperthyrdism
11
Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue 💚
• Frequent bowel movements
• Goiter (visibly enlarged thyroid gland) or thyroid nodules💚
• Heat intolerance💚
• Increased appetite 💚
• Increased sweating💚
• Irregular menstrual periods in women
• Nervousness
• Restlessness💚
• Weight loss💚
(rarely, weight gain
Hypothyroidism(10)
Cold intolerance,
lethargy, خمول
undue tiredness,
hoarse voice
,constipation ,
moderate weight gain in spite of decrease appetite,
menorrhagia
Neurological symptoms Cardiovascular symptoms
Examination 6
• The patient may be anxious or sluggish, weight, loss of
hair [hair on pillows or loss of the outer third of the
eye brows] some with large goitres may have stridor. • While shaking hands [if applicaple], comment about
warm sweaty or cold hands, look for clubbing [thyroid
acropachy] and plummers nails. • Ask the patient to stretch hands for fine tremor • Examine the pulse tachy or bradycardia or atrial
fibrillation • Inspection of the neck for goitre, thyroidectomy scar,
any other visible swellings or distended veins • The eyes for exophthalmos, squint or lid retraction
Con”t examination (5)
• Ask the patient to swallow ideally cup of water • Ask about tenderness then palpate for size
surface, texture, tenderness, lymph nodes. • Examine for proptosis, eye movement for
muscle weakness.
• Percussion for retro-sternal extension
• Auscultation for bruit over the thyroid and
carotid
Cont examination (4)
• Examine for proximal muscle weakness,
raising the hands over the head or standing
from the sitting position.
• Look for pretibial mydedema in the lateral
sides of the lower limbs
• Slow relaxation of the ankle jerk
[hypothyroidism]
• Ask for blood pressure measurement, cardiac,
abdominal or neurological examinations
Features of hypothyroidism(5)
Slow physically and mentally
. Coarse dry skin with carotenaemia, dirty elbow and knee sign
. Puffy lower eyelids
. Loss of outer third of eyebrows,xanthelasma. Macroglossia.
Primary hypopiturism
In primary;
Soft tissue myxedema
. High cholesterol
. Menorrhagia
. Galactorrhea
. Loss of eye brows
. Family history
. Goiter
