Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Ultrasonography (high risk criterias)

A
  • hypoechoic
  • microcalcifications
  • irregular borders
  • taller than wider
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2
Q

FNA if

A
> 1cm if 
  - previous radiation exposure
  - fam hx of thyroid cancer
  - hoarseness
  - rapid growth
> 1cm with high risk
> 2cm with low risk
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3
Q

FNA gives Bethesda

A
I non diagnostic or unsatisfactory
II benign (3% malignity risk)
III AUS Atypia of undetermined significance (5-15%)
IV Follicular neoplasm (15-30%)
V Suspicion of malignancy (60-75%)
VI Malignant (97-99%)
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4
Q

Indication to operate a nodule

A

III or higher
> 4cm
complex cysts

Relative indication : toxic nodule

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5
Q

T4

A

Thyroxin

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6
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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7
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

or Thyrotropin

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8
Q

Thyroglobuline (TG)

A

Precursor of T4 and T3

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9
Q

Iod scintigraphy useful for

A

Hyperthyroid situation
do differentiate between:
- diffuse Hyperthyroidism (M.Basedow)
- localized hyperfunction (autonome or toxic nodule)

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10
Q

Autonomous nodule

A

TSH is suppressed

T4 normal

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11
Q

Toxic Adenoma

A

Clinically manifest hypertoxicosis

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12
Q

Indication to operate a Struma

A

Multinodose

Benign with compression (Trachea, Esophagus)

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13
Q

If Hyperthyreotic before operation

A

Bring to euthyreosis

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14
Q

Screening for Hashimoto

A

antimicrosomal and antithyreoglobulin antibody

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15
Q

Hasimoto on US

A

Diffuse heterogenous hypoechogenicity

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16
Q

Post partum Thyroiditis

A

Serial thyroid function test to evaluate progression
TTT: BBlocker
Antithyroid and radio-iodine therapy does not work.
2-8 weeks after delivery

17
Q

Structures to spare during the operation

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

parathyroid

18
Q

Operation types

A

Enucleation
Pole resection
Hemithyroidectomy

19
Q

Dunhill Operation

A
for M. Basedow
Hemithyroidectomy on one side
Subtotal on other side
leave 6ml volume of thyroid stays
50% post operative euthyreosis
20
Q

Operation for carcinoma

A

Total thyreoidectomy
Hemithyreoidectomy only for law risk:
- monocentric papillary carcinoma
- small >15mm and young patients

21
Q

Centrocervical neck dissection for

A

bilateral carcinoma

medullary carcinoma

22
Q

Back Door approach

A

between Sterno hyoid and SCM