THYROID Flashcards
What do high T3 levels cause?
Increased metabolism + potentiation of effects of catecholamines.
Results in weight loss and excessive sympathetic output.
What do Loe T3 levels cause?
Weight gain, low mood, constipation, poor memory, hyporeflexia.
General signs of hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss
Anxiety/ hyperactivity
Heat intolerance
Hoarse voice
General signs of hypothyroidism?
Weight gain
Low mood
Cold intolerance
What is thyroid acropachy?
Periosteal phalangeal bone overgrowth.
**Similar appearance to clubbing.
What might thyroid acropachy suggest?
Graves’ disease.
Onycholysis is associated with what?
Hyperthyroidism.
**This is detachment of nail from nail bed.
Palmar erythema is associated with what?
Hyperthyroidism.
What type of tremor is associated with hyperthyroidism?
Fine tremor.
Heart rate abnormality associated with hypothyroidism?
Bradycardia
Heart rate abnormality associated with hyperthyroidism?
Tachycardia/ AF
Facial signs associated with hypothyroidism?
Dry skin
Thin hair/ hair loss
Outer third eyebrow loss
Facial signs associated with hyperthyroidism?
Excessive sweating.
5 eye signs that can be associated with Graves’ disease?
Lid retraction Exophthalmos Lid lag Ophthalmoplegia/ diplopia Eye inflammation
Most common ocular sign of Graves’ disease?
Lid retraction.
Cause of lid retraction?
Sympathetic hyperactivity causing excessive contraction of the superior tarsal and elevator palpebral superiors muscles.
Cause of exophthalmos?
Oedema and lymphocytic infiltration of orbital fat, connective tissue and extra ocular muscles.
Cause of eye inflammation?
Secondary to lid retraction + exophthalmos making the eye more prone to dryness.
Cause of ophthalmoplegia/ diplopia?
Lymphocytic infiltration of orbital fat, connective tissue and extra ocular muscles.
Cause of lid lag?
Secondary to lid retraction + exophthalmos.
Thyroid problems that move upwards with swallowing?
Goitres + thyroglossal cysts.
Thyroid problems that do not move upon swallowing?
Invasive thyroid malignancy
Lymph nodes
Thyroid problems that move upwards on tongue protrusion?
Thyroglossal cysts.
Thyroid problems that do not move with tongue protrusion?
Goitres and lymph nodes.
Which characteristics of the thyroid gland do you need to assess for when palpating?
Size Symmetry Consistency Masses Palpable thrills
Cause of thyroglossal cysts?
Persistence of the thyroglossal duct after birth.
Why do thyroglossal cysts move upwards on tongue protrusion?
Because the tongue is attached to the thyroglossal duct when the thyroglossal cysts sit.
3 types of goitre?
Diffuse (hyperplasia)
Uninodular (single thyroid nodule)
Multinodular (toxic multi nodular goitre)
