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Gross Anatomy: Unit Two. > thursday lecture > Flashcards

thursday lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A
  • spans area between pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, and trapezium
  • transforms carpal arch into a tunnel
  • Serves as attachent for thenar and hypothenar muscles
  • helps hold down the flexor tensons (keeping things stable)
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2
Q

Guyon’s Canal

A
  • where the ulnar nerve and artery run
  • on ulnar side of the wrist
  • Transverse carpal ligament and volar carpal ligament protect the nerve and artery
  • frequent site of nerve entrapment
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3
Q

Palmar Fascia

A
  • continuation of deep fascia

- thick, tendinous, triangular

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4
Q

Fibrous digital sheaths

A

synovial sheaths that enclose the flexor tendons as they pass along the palmar aspect of each digit

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5
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)

A
  • Condyloid synoival joint
  • heads of metacarpals with base of proximal phalanges
  • joint capsule enclosing each joint
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6
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint ligament

A

Collateral ligament

  • passes posterior to joint for flexion and extension
  • taut in 70-90 degrees of flexion (on slack at any less then these degrees)
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7
Q

Motions of the metacarpophalangeal joint

A 
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction of digits 2-5
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8
Q

Blood supply to the metacarpophalageal joint

A

deep digital arteries arising from superfical palmar arches

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9
Q

Interphalangeal joints

A
  • hinge synovial joint
  • heads of phalanges with bases of the more distal phalanges
  • motion: flexion and extension
  • blood supply: digital arteries
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10
Q

PIP and DIP joint ligament

A

-lateral and accessory collateral ligaments

(taut in 25 degrees flexion)

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11
Q

Carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

A
  • thumb
  • saddle synovial joint
  • base of 1st metacarpal with trapzium
  • capsule is loose
  • 5 ligaments
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12
Q

the 5 ligaments of the CMC joint

A
  • Radial and Ulnar collateral
  • anterior and posterior oblique
  • intermetacarpal
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13
Q

motions of the thumb

A 
abduction
adduction
extension
flexion
opposition
repositions
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14
Q

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal joint

A
  • hinge joint
  • resembles IP joint
  • flexion and extension
  • has collateral and palmar ligaments
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15
Q

Thenar Muscles

A
  • under the thumb
  • Abductor Pollicis Brevis
  • Flexor Pollicis Brevis
  • Opponens Pollicis
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16
Q

Opponens Pollicis origin

A

flexor retinaculum

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17
Q

Opponens Pollicis insertion

A

lateral side of 1st meetacarpal

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18
Q

Opponens Pollicis innervation

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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19
Q

Opponens Pollicis action

A

Oppose thumb

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20
Q

Abductor Pollicis brevis origin

A

flexor retinaculum (in the web of the thumb)

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21
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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22
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis innervation

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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23
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis action

A

abducts the thumb

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24
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis origin

A

flexor retinaculum

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25
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis insertion

A

lateral side of basse of proximal phalanx of thumb

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26
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis innervation

A

Recurrent Branch of median nerve

27
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis action

A

flexes thumb

28
Q

Hypothenar Muscles

A
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • Opponens digiti minimi
  • under the pinky finger
29
Q

Abductor digiti minimi origin

A

pisiform

30
Q

abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

31
Q

abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

32
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

abdcuts 5th digit

33
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis origin

A

hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum

34
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

35
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

36
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

A

flexes 5th fingers

37
Q

Opponens digiti minimi origin

A

hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum

38
Q

Opponens digiti minimi insertion

A

medial border of 5th metacarpal

39
Q

Opponens digiti minimi innervation

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

40
Q

Opponens digiti minimi action

A

draws the 5th digit and rotates it, to help it touch the tip of thumb

41
Q

Muscles of the hand

A

Lumbricals and Interossei

42
Q

Lumbricals 1,2,3,4 origin

A

1 and 2: lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

3 and 4: medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

43
Q

Lumbricals 1,2,3,4 insertion

A

all 4 the same: laterl sides of the extensor expansions

44
Q

lumbricals 1,2,3,4 innervation

A

median nerve

45
Q

lumbricals 1,2,3,4 action

A
  • Flex MCP joint
  • Extends both IP joints

“L” hands

46
Q

dorsal interossei 1-4 origin

A

adjacent sides of two metacarpals

47
Q

Dorsal interossei 1-4 insertion

A

bases of proximal phalages

extensor expansion of 2-5 digits

48
Q

Dorsal interossei 1-4 innervation

A

Deep branch pf the ulnar nerve

49
Q

Dorsal interossei 1-4 action

A
  • DAB
  • Abducts 2nd-4th fingers from the axial line
  • acts with the lumbricals to flex MCP joint and extend IP joints
50
Q

Palmar interossei 1-3 origin

A

Palmar surface of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpal

51
Q

Palmar interossei 1-3 insertion

A

bases of proximal phalanges

extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers

52
Q

Palmar interossei 1-3 innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

53
Q

Palmar interossei 1-3 action

A
  • PAD
  • adducts 2nd, 4th, and 5th, finger towards the axial line
  • acts with the lumbricals to flex MCP joint and extend IP joints
54
Q

Ulnar artery

A
  • enters anterior to flexor retinaculum in Guyon’s canal
  • lateral to the ulnar nerve
  • gives rise to the deep palmar branch and the superifical palmar arch (which has three digital arteries)
55
Q

The three digital arteries of the superical palmar arch

A
  • made by the ulnar artery
  • common palmar
  • palm metacarpal
  • proper palmar digital
56
Q

Route of the radial artery

A
  • Curves dorsally around scaphoid and trapzium in the floor of the snuff box
  • reaches palm by passing between head of first dorsal interossei
  • turns medially and passes between heads of adductor pollicis
  • the joins with the ulnar artery to form the deep palmar arch
57
Q

Extensor Mechanism

A
  • Complex network of ligamentous and muscular units that coorinate to product extension of the digits
  • Interossei (Dorsal and Palmar)
  • Lumbricals
  • Oblique Retinacular ligament (ORL)
  • Extensor digitorum
58
Q

Extensor expansion what is it?

A

triangular tendinosis aponerosis wrapping around dorsum and sides of the metacarpal heads and base of proximal phalanx

59
Q

Extensor digitorum hood

A
  • splits into median bands and lateral bands

- anchored on the side by palmar ligamen

60
Q

Oblique retinacular ligament

A
  • taut during flexion of DIP and this puls the PIP into flexion
  • extending the PIP joint pulls the DIP into exension

(When you pull of the DIP with the ORL it makes the PIP follow)

61
Q

Mallet FInger

A

a finger stuck in a PIP joint that is flexed

62
Q

Dupuytren Contracture

A
  • common in men of eastern european descent who smoke

- fascia of the hand hardens and pulls of the fourth and fifth digit into extension

63
Q

Tigger finger

A

Nodule of the long flexor tendon

Gross Anatomy: Unit Two. (10 decks)

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