Joints and Spaces Flashcards
Quadrangular Space borders
Teres Major: Inferior
Teres Minor: Superior
Long Head of the Tricep: Medial
Humerus: lateral
Quadrangular Space contents
Posterior Circumflex Humeral artery and Axillary Nerve
Triangular Space Border
Teres Major: Inferior
Teres Minor Superior
Long Head of the Tricep: Lateral
Triangular space contents
circumflex scapular artery
Triceps Hiatus Border
long head Triceps Brachii, humerus, and teres major
Triceps Hiatus contents
Profunda brachii artery (Deep artery of the Arm) and Radial Nerve
Sternoclavicular Joint (SC)
between the clavicle and sternum
its a saddle type joint
Sternoclavicular Joint Compartments
Articular Discs: acts as a shock absorber at the sternal surface of the clavicle
Joint Capsule: ligaments that surrounds joint to reinforce
Ligaments for the Sternoclavicular joint
Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular ligament: reinforce the joint anteriorly and posteriorly
Interclavicular ligament: Strengths the sternoclavicular joint superiorly
Costoclavicular ligament
Runs from the inferior surface of the sterno-end of the clavicle to the 1st rib
Helps to limit elevation
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
synoival plane joint
Between the Acromion of the Scapula and the Clavicle
Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint
Acromioclavicular Ligament: from acromion to clavicle and helps to strengthen the joint superiorly
Coracoclavicular ligament: anchors the coracoid process of the scapular to the clavicle
The two parts of the Coracoclavicular Ligament
Conoid ligament: from the coracoid ligament to the inferior conoid tubercle of the clavicle
Trapeziod ligament: superior to the coracoid process to the trapezoid line of the clavicle
Axilla space
- Pyramidal space with a apex, base and four walls
- helps to provide passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb
- almost disappears when the shoulder joint is fully abducted
Apex of Axilla
Cervico-axillary canal (passageway between neck and Axilla)
Bounded by the 1st rib, clavicle, superior edge of scapula
Base of the Axilla
Formed by concave skin, subcutaneous tissue, axillary fascia
Anterior border of the Axilla
Pectoralis major and minor
The anterior axillary fold is the most inferior part of this border
Posterior border of the Axilla
Scapula, subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus Dorsi
The posterior axillary fold is the most inferior part
Medial border of the Axilla
Thoracic wall and serrated anterior
Lateral border
Narrow bony way formed by the tubertubercle sucus of the humerus
What does the Axilla contain?
Axillary artery and it’s branches, axillary vein, lymphatic vessels, and branches of the brachial plexus
Coraco-acromial arch
coracoid process+ coraco-acromial ligament +acromion
important in shoulder joint, and helps prevent superior displacement
Glenohumeral joint type
shoulder joint
ball and socket
Glenohumeral joint capsule
Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
The Glenohumeral ligament (different types) strengthenes this capsule
Glenohumeral labrum
ring-like, fibrocartilaginous that deepens the cavity
Along the posterior aspect
Glenohumeral ligament type: Transerve humeral ligament
Run from the greater and lesser tubercle, forms a type of bridge over it
(as a canal for the tendon for the long head of biceps branchii and its synovial membrane
Glenohumeral ligament type: Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoid to the greater tubercle
helps to strengthen the joint superiorly
Bursa: Subacromial
Between the acromoin and coraco-acromion ligament
helps movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the arch
Bursa: Subscapular
between the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scapula
(Protects the tendon where it passes inferior to the root of the coracoid proces and covers the neck of the scapula)
blood supply and innervation to the glenohumeral joint
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and branches of the suprascapular artery
the suprascapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves supply the joint
cubital fossa: what is it
shallow triangular depression on the anterior surface of the elbow
cubital fossa borders
- superiorly is a line between the medial and lateral epicondyle
- medially is pronator teres
- laterally is brachioradialis
cubital fossa floor and roof
floor: branchialis and supinator muscles
roof: fasica, skins, bicipital apnoreurosis, median cubital vein
contents of the cubital fossa
medial nerve
radial nerve
biceps brachii tendon
the terminal part of the brachial artery
functions of the elbow
eating,drinking, combing hair, brushing teeth, talking on the phone…etc
carry angle for men and women
men: 5-10 degrees
women: 10-15
these angles are in normal position and carrying a bag
the three articulations on the elbow joint, that occur within the joint capsule
flexion and extension, unilateral hinge joint:
humeroulna joint
humeroradial joint
gives supination and pronation, pivot joint:
proximal radioulnar joint
differences in ulna and radius in supination and pronation
in supination they are parrellel and in pronation the radius crosses the ulna
collateral ligaments of the elbow
strong fibrous thickening of joint capsule
two different types:
-radial collateral ligament
-ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament elbow
- elbow
- lateral epicondyle and blends into annular ligament
- stablizes the joint against varus stress (adduction)
Ulnar collateral ligament elbow
- elbow
- medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna with three bands
- anterior, posterior, oblique
- stabilizes the joint against valgus stress (abduction)
Anterior band ulnar collateral ligament elbow
tight band in extension
loose in flexion, which could then limit extension
posterior band ulnar collateral ligament elbow
tight in flexion (loose in extension)
oblique band ulnar collateral ligament elbow
deepen the trochlear notch to help the trochlea sit better in the fossa
Annular ligament elbow
- elbow
- encircles head of radius in the radial notch of the ulna and serves as an articular srface
- almost covers the entire head of the radius
oblique cord elbow
- holds radius and ulna together
- damage can cause a loose pronation and supination
interosseous membrane
- elbow
- prevetns proximal displacement of radius on ulna (inbetweeen the two bones)
Epicondyles and olecranon relation to each other in flexion
they form a triangle
Epicondyles and olecranon relation to each other in extension
they are all aligned during extension
olecranon bursa
fluid-filled sac that allows tendon to move over the bone
supracondylar fracture
- above the condyles
- common in children and older people
nursemaid elbow
can dislocate the radial head from the angular ligament
