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Pathology > Thrombosis and Embolism > Flashcards

Thrombosis and Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Formation of a solid mass within the circulatory system

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2
Q

Why does thrombosis occur?

A

Virchow’s triad

  • abnormalities of vessel wall
  • abnormalities of blood flow
  • abnormalities of blood components
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3
Q

What abnormalities of vessel walls can occur?

A

Atheroma
Direct injury
Inflammation

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4
Q

What abnormalities of blood flow can occur?

A

Stagnation

Turbulence

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5
Q

What abnormalities of blood components can occur?

A

Smoking - activates factor XII
Post-partum
Post-op

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6
Q

What is the appearance of an arterial thrombus?

A

Pale
Granular
Lines of Zahn (lines of platelets/fibrin + lines of RBCs)
Lower cell content

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7
Q

What is the appearance of a venous thrombus?

A

Soft
Gelatinous
Deep red
Higher cell content

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8
Q

What are the potential outcomes for a thrombus?

A 
Lysis
Propagation 
Organisation 
Recanalisation 
Embolism
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9
Q

What is lysis?

A

Complete dissolution of thrombus
Broken down by fibrinolytic system
Blood flow re-established

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10
Q

What is propagation?

A

Progressive spread of thrombosis

Occurs distally in arteries
Occurs proximally in veins

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11
Q

What is organisation?

A

Reparative process

Ingrowth of fibroblasts and capillaries

Lumen remains obstructed

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12
Q

What is recanalisation?

A

Blood flow re-established

- one or more channels formed through thrombus

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13
Q

What is embolism?

A

Part of thrombus breaks off

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14
Q

What are the effects of an arterial thrombus?

A

Ischaemia
Infarction

Depends on site and collateral circulation

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15
Q

What are the effects of a venous thrombus?

A

Congestion
Oedema
Ischaemia
Infarction

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16
Q

What is an embolism?

A

Blockage of a blood vessel by a solid, liquid or gas at a site distant from its origin

17
Q

Causes of emoboli

A 
Thrombo-emboli 
Air
Nitrogen 
Tumour
Amniotic fluid 
Foreign body

Pathology (12 decks)

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