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Pathology > Haemostasis > Flashcards

Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

Stopping of the flow of blood

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2
Q

How do clots form?

A
  1. Platelets bind to collagen in damaged blood vessel
  2. Platelet aggregation = platelet plug
  3. Fibrinogen binds to platelets
  4. More platelets bind
  5. Immobilized fibrinogen attracts factors
  6. Factors transform fibrinogen into fibrin

Fibrin forms clot

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3
Q

How are clots broken down?

A
  1. Plasmin attracted to fibrin net
  2. Plasmins degrade fibrin
  3. Fibronolytic degradation products phagocted by macrophages and eosinophils
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4
Q

What is platelet adhesion?

A

Damage to vessel wall occurs
Exposure of endothelium - vWF released
Platelets adhere to collagen via vWF receptor

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5
Q

What is platelet activation?

A

Platelets secrete ADP + thromboxane

Activate themselves and other platelets

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6
Q

What is platelet aggregation?

A

Crosslinking of platelets

Forms platelet plug

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7
Q

What are the mediating factors of haemostasis?

A 
Von Willebrand factor 
Fibrinogen 
Collagen 
ADP
Thromboxane
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8
Q

What is the clotting cascade?

A

Activation of precursor proteins to generate thrombin

Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

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9
Q

What are the coagulation factors?

A 
Fibrinogen 
Prothrombin 
Factor 5
Factor 7 
Factor 8 
Factor 9 
Factor 10 
Factor 11
Factor 12
Tissue factor
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10
Q

What are the natural anticoagulants?

A

Protein C
Protein S
Antithrombin

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11
Q

What are involved in the intrinsic pathway?

A

XII
XI
IX
VIII

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12
Q

What are involved in the extrinsic pathway?

A

VII

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13
Q

What are involved in the common pathway?

A

X
V
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen

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14
Q

Write out full clotting cascade

A

Google answer

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15
Q

What is APTT?

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time

Measures functionality of intrinsic and common pathways

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16
Q

What is PT?

A

Prothrombin time

Measures functionality of extrinsic and common pathways

17
Q

What is bleeding time?

A

Time taken for clot to form

Measures platelet function

18
Q

What is Von Willebrand factor?

A

Blood glycoprotein

Involved in

  • platelet adhesion to vessel wall
  • platelet aggregation

Carries factor VIII

19
Q

How are vessel walls involved in haemostasis?

A

Vasoconstriction

Production vWF

Exposure of collagen + tissue factor
- initiates activation of clotting factors

20
Q

What occurs in fibrinolysis?

A

Plasminogen activated to plasmin

Plasmin breaksdown fibrin

Broken down into D-dimers

Pathology (12 decks)

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