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Haematology and Immunology > Thrombosis > Flashcards

Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What processes occur during primary haemostasis?

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet adhesion
Platelet aggregation

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2
Q

What processes occur during coagulation?

A

Insoluble fibrin formation

Fibrin cross-linking

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3
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

Clot arising in the wrong place

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4
Q

What is a thromboembolism?

A

Movement of clot along a vessel

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5
Q

What are the components of Virchow’s triad?

A

Stasis
Hypercoagulability
Vessel damage

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6
Q

What can cause stasis?

A

Bed rest

Travel

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7
Q

What can cause hypercoagulability?

A

Pregnancy

Trauma

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8
Q

What can cause vessel damage?

A

Artherosclerosis

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9
Q

What is an arterial thrombus?

A

“White clot” of platelets and fibrin
Results in ischaemia and infarction
Principally secondary to atherosclerosis

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10
Q

What are some examples of arterial thromboembolism?

A 
Coronary thrombosis (MI, unstable angina)
Cerebrovascular thromboembolism (stroke, TIA) 
Peripheral embolism (limb ischaemia)
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11
Q

What are the risk factors for arterial thrombosis?

A 
Age 
Smoking 
Sedentary lifestyle 
Hypertension 
Diabetes 
Obesity 
Hypercholesterolaemia
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12
Q

What is the management for arterial thrombosis?

A

Lifestyle modification
Treatment of vascular risk factors
Thrombolysis
Antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs

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13
Q

What is a venous thrombus?

A

“Red thrombus” of fibrin and red cells
Results in back pressure
Principally due to stasis and hyper coagulability

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14
Q

What are some examples of venous thromboembolism?

A 
Limb deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Visceral venous thrombosis
Intracranial venous thrombosis
Superficial thrombophlebitis
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15
Q

What are the risk factors for venous thrombosis?

A 
Increasing age 
Surgery 
Obesity
Pregnancy 
Hormonal therapy (COCP/HRT) 
Tissue trauma 
Immobility 
Systemic disease (cancer, myeloproliferative neoplasm, IBD, connective tissue disease, antiphospholipid syndrome) 
Family history
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16
Q

How is a diagnosis of venous thrombosis made?

A 
Pretest probability scoring (Wells/Geneva score) 
D dimer test 
Doppler USS 
Ventilation/Perfusion scan 
CT pulmonary angiogram
17
Q

What drugs are given to treat venous thrombosis?

A

Anticoagulants (LMWH, warfarin, DOACs)

Thrombolysis

18
Q

What is heritable thrombophilia?

A

An inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

19
Q

What is a common factor in heritable thrombophilia?

A

Factor V Leiden

Prothrombin G20210A

20
Q

What is microvascular thrombus?

A

Platelets and/or fibrin
Results in diffuse ischaemia
Principally in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

21
Q

What is disseminated intravascular thrombus (DIC)?

A

Diffuse systemic coagulation activation

22
Q

In what conditions can DIC occur?

A

Septicaemia
Pregnancy
Malignancy

23
Q

What does DIC cause?

A

Tissue ischaemia (gangrene, organ failure)

Haematology and Immunology (16 decks)

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